Archived Interventions

The CDC’s Division of HIV Prevention (DHP) promotes a High Impact Prevention (HIP) approach.

HIP interventions are:

  • Scientifically proven
  • Cost-effective
  • Scalable

In 2015 the Prevention Research Synthesis (PRS) Project shifted focus to evaluating only the efficacy of interventions for these populations:

  • Black or African American women
  • Men who have sex with men (MSM)
  • People with HIV (PWH)
  • People who use drugs (PWUD)
  • Transgender persons

PRS has a Risk Reduction archival policy. Interventions published >10 years ago will be moved from main RR Chapter if that study does not meet one of the following criteria:

  • Study population includes
    • Black or African American women
    • Men who have sex with men (MSM)
    • People with HIV (PWH)
    • People who use drugs (PWUD)
    • Transgender persons
  • Intervention is a supported EBI by the CDC (see the Effective Interventions website)

Archived interventions can be found by clicking on the archived interventions box in the Search function

Complete List of Archived Risk Reduction Evidence-based Behavioral Interventions

  • Assisting in Rehabilitating Kids (ARK) [PDF – 685 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Substance-dependent adolescents
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2002
    First author: Janet St. Lawrence
    Study years: 1995 – 1999
  • Becoming a Responsible Teen (BART) [PDF – 680 KB]
    Best
    Target population: African American adolescents
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1995
    First author: Janet St. Lawrence
    Study years: Not reported
  • Be Proud! Be Responsible! [PDF – 676 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Inner-city African American male adolescents
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1992
    First author: John B. Jemmott
    Study years: 1988 – 1989
  • Brief Alcohol Intervention for Needle Exchangers (BRAINE) [PDF – 679 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Active injection drug users (IDUs) who are also heavy alcohol users
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2002
    First author: Michael D. Stein
    Study years: 1998 – 2000
  • Centering Pregnancy Plus (CPP) [PDF – 657 KB]
    Best
    Intended population: Young pregnant women receiving prenatal care
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2009
    Author: Trace S. Kershaw
    Study years: 2001 – 2004
  • Choices [PDF – 676 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Low-income heterosexually active women
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2003
    First author: Sharon A. Baker
    Study years: 1994 – 1996
  • Cognitive Behavioral STD/HIV Risk-Reduction [PDF – 688 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Heterosexual adult STD clinic patients
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 1997
    First author: Cherrie B. Boyer
    Study years: 1992 – 1993
  • Communal Effectance-AIDS Prevention (CE-AP) [PDF – 685 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Low-income, single, inner-city females attending urban clinics
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2002
    First author: Stevan E. Hobfoll
    Study years: 1995 – 1999
  • Condom Promotion [PDF – 675 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Young unmarried college women
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1996
    First author: Angela D. Bryan
    Study years: Not reported
  • Connect: Couples [PDF – 239 KB]
    Best
    Intended population: Minority, inner-city heterosexual couples
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2003
    Author: Nabila El-Bassel
    Study years: 1997 – 2001
  • Connect: Woman Alone [PDF – 377 KB]
    Best
    Target Population: Minority, inner-city heterosexual couples
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2003
    Author: Nabila El-Bassel
    Study years: 1997 – 2001
  • ¡Cuídate! [PDF – 281 KB]
    Best
    Target Population: Latino youth
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2006
    Author: Antonia M. Villarruel
    Study years: 2000 – 2003
  • Doing Something Different [PDF – 898 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Inner-city STD clinic patients
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1992
    First author: Deborah A. Cohen
    Study years: 1988 – 1989
  • EXPLORE [PDF – 779 KB]
    Best
    Target population: HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men (MSM)
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2004
    First author: Beryl Koblin
    Study years: 1999 – 2003
  • Female Condom Skills Training (FEMIT) [PDF – 261 KB]
    Best
    Target Population: HIV-negative heterosexual women attending family planning clinics
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2008
    Author: Kyung-Hee Choi
    Study years: 2003 – 2005
  • Female and Culturally Specific Negotiation [PDF – 683 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Inner city, HIV-negative, heterosexually active African American female drug injectors and crack cocaine smokers
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2003
    First author: Claire Sterk
    Study years: 1998 – 2001
  • FIO (The Future Is Ours) [PDF – 951 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Heterosexual women in family planning clinics
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2002
    First author: Anke A. Ehrhardt
    Study years: 1994 – 1997
  • Focus on the Future [PDF – 913 KB]
    Best
    Intended population: Young African American heterosexual men newly diagnosed with an STD
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2009
    Author: Richard A. Crosby
    Study years: 2004 – 2006
  • Focus on Youth (FOY) [PDF – 797 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Low-income, urban African American youth
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1996
    First author: Bonita Stanton
    Study years: 1993 – 1996
  • Focus on Youth (FOY) + ImPACT [PDF – 259 KB]
    Best
    Target population: High-risk African American youth in low-income urban community sites
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2004
    First author: Bonita Stanton
    Study years: 1999 – 2002
  • Health Improvement Project (HIP) [PDF – 682 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Psychiatric outpatients receiving care for mental illness
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2004
    First author: Michael P. Carey
    Study years: 1997 – 2000
  • HIV Education and Testing [PDF – 687 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Inner-city sexually active heterosexual STD clinic patients
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 1991
    First author: Neil S. Wenger
    Study years: 1988
  • HoMBReS [PDF – 1 MB]
    Best
    Intended population: Recently immigrated, sexually active heterosexual Latino men in rural areas
    Intervention level: Community-level
    Year published: 2009
    Author: Scott D. Rhodes
    Study years: 2003 – 2007
  • HORIZONS [PDF – 912 KB]
    Best
    Intended population: Heterosexually active African American adolescent females seeking sexual health services
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2009
    Author: Ralph DiClemente
    Study years: 2002 – 2006
  • Hot, Healthy and Keepin’ it UP! [PDF – 1 MB] (previously known as Brief Group Counseling)
    Best
    Target population: Asian and Pacific Islander (API) men who have sex with men (MSM)
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1996
    First author: Kyung-Hee Choi
    Study years: 1992 – 1994
  • Insights [PDF – 778 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Heterosexually active, non-monogamous, young women
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2003
    First author: Delia Scholes
    Study years: 1999 – 2000
  • Intensive AIDS Education [PDF – 685 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Incarcerated, male adolescent drug users
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1994
    First author: Stephen Magura
    Study years: 1991 – 1992
  • “light” [PDF – 693 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Sexually active, low-income, inner-city clinic patients at high-risk for HIV and STD infection
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1998
    First author: NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group
    Study years: 1994 – 1997
  • Modelo de Intervención Psicomédica (MIP) [PDF – 952 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Hispanic injection drug users
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2004
    First author: Rafaela Robles
    Study years: 1998 – 2001
  • Motivational Interviewing-Based HIV Risk Reduction [PDF – 263 KB]
    Best
    Target Population: Recently incarcerated, HIV-negative women at risk for HIV
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2009
    Author: Brian W. Weir
    Study years: 2001 – 2005
  • Nia [PDF – 938 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Inner-city heterosexually active, African American men
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1999
    First author: Seth Kalichman
    Study years: 1994
  • Preventing AIDS through Live Movement and Sound (PALMS) [PDF – 236 KB]
    Good
    Intended population: Male adolescents awaiting adjudication in juvenile justice facilities
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2010
    Author: Jennifer Lauby
    Study years: 2005 – 2006
  • Project START [PDF – 237 KB]
    Best
    Intended population: Young men soon to be released from prison
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2006
    Author: Richard J. Wolitski
    Study years: 2001 – 2003
  • Real AIDS Prevention Project (RAPP) [PDF – 898 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Sexually active, low-income women of reproductive age in inner city communities
    Intervention level: Community-level
    Year published: 2000
    First author: Jennifer L. Lauby
    Study years: 1993 – 1996
  • Responsible, Empowered, Aware, Living Men (REAL Men) [PDF – 260 KB]
    Good
    Target Population: African American adolescent boys ages 11 to 14 and their fathers
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2007
    Author: Colleen DiIorio
    Study years: 2000 – 2004
  • Real Men Are Safe (ReMAS) [PDF – 251 KB]
    Good
    Target Population: Sexually active men in drug treatment
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2009
    Author: Donald Calsyn
    Study years: 2004 – 2006
  • RESPECT: Brief Counseling Booster [PDF – 943 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Sexually active, HIV-negative STD clinic patients
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2005
    First author: Carol A. Metcalf
    Study years: 1999 – 2002
  • RESPECT: Brief Counseling [PDF – 977 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Heterosexual, HIV-negative STD clinic patients
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 1998
    First author: Mary L. Kamb
    Study years: 1993 – 1996
  • RESPECT: Enhanced Counseling [PDF – 977 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Heterosexual, HIV-negative STD clinic patients
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 1998
    First author: Mary L. Kamb
    Study years: 1993 – 1996
  • SAFE (Standard Version) [PDF – 940 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Mexican American and African American women diagnosed with gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis or trichomonas in public health clinics
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1999
    First author: Rochelle N. Shain
    Study years: 1996 – 2000
  • Safe on the Outs [PDF – 272 KB]
    Good
    Target Population: Adolescents in juvenile detention facilities
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2009
    Author: Angela D. Bryan
    Study years: 2004 – 2006
  • Safer Sex [PDF – 932 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Adolescent females diagnosed with an STD
    Intervention level: Individual-level
    Year published: 2001
    First author: Lydia A. Shrier
    Study years: 1996 – 1999
  • Safer Sex Skills Building (SSSB) [PDF – 311 KB]
    Good
    Target Population: Heterosexually active women in drug treatment
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2008
    Author: Susan Tross
    Study years: 2004 – 2006
  • Safety Counts [PDF – 964 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Out-of-treatment active crack and injection drug users
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2000
    First author: Fen Rhodes
    Study years: 1992 – 1996
  • Self-Help in Eliminating Life-Threatening Diseases (SHIELD) [PDF – 256 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Low-income African American drug users
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2003
    First author: Carl Latkin
    Study years: 1997 – 1999
  • SEPA [PDF – 946 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Low-income, urban Mexican and Puerto Rican women
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2005
    First author: Nilda Pergallo
    Study years: 1999 – 2001
  • Seropositive Urban Men’s Intervention Trial (SUMIT) [PDF – 783 KB]
    Best
    Target population: HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM)
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2005
    First author: Richard J. Wolitski
    Study years: 2000 – 2002
  • Sistering, Informing, Healing, Living, and Empowering (SiHLE) [PDF – 251 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Sexually experienced African American adolescent girls
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2004
    First author: Ralph J. DiClemente
    Study years: 1995 – 2002
  • Sisters Saving Sisters [PDF – 678 KB]
    Best
    Target population: Sexually active African American and Latina adolescent female patients at family planning clinics
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2005
    First author: John B. Jemmott
    Study years: Not reported
  • Sister-to-Sister: Group Skills-building [PDF – 293 KB]
    Best
    Target Population: Inner-city African American female clinic patients
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2007
    Author: John B. Jemmott
    Study years: 1993 – 1996
  • Sniffer [PDF – 942 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Intranasal heroin users
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1992
    First author: Don C. Des Jarlais
    Study years: 1986 – 1988
  • Street Smart [PDF – 953 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Runaway youth
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 1991
    First author: Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
    Study years: 1988 – 1991
  • Teen Health Project [PDF – 940 KB]
    Good
    Target population: Adolescents at high risk for HIV who live in urban, low-income housing developments
    Intervention level: Community-level
    Year published: 2005
    First author: Kathleen Sikkema
    Study years: 1998 – 2000
  • Together Learning Choices (TLC)
    Good
    Target population: HIV-positive adolescent and young adult clinic patients
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2001
    First author: Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus
    Study years: 1994 – 1996
  • Women’s Co-Op [PDF – 682 KB]
    Best
    Target population: African American women who use crack and are not in drug treatment
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2004
    First author: Wendee Wechsberg
    Study years: 1999 – 2002
  • Women’s Health Promotion (WHP) [PDF – 683 KB]
    Best
    Target population: HIV-negative heterosexual Hispanic women
    Intervention level: Group-level
    Year published: 2001
    First author: Anita Raj
    Study years: Not reported

Additional Resources