Publications

About

Reports and other studies can be important resources for investigating and preventing outbreaks. Below are reports, surveillance summaries, and other studies that have used NORS outbreak data.

General NORS surveillance

Enteric illness outbreaks reported through NORS – United States, 2009–2019.
Foodborne (1973–2013) and waterborne (1971–2013) disease outbreaks – United States
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 63 / No. 55 / P. 79–83
Acute gastroenteritis surveillance through NORS, United States.

Waterborne disease outbreaks

The Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System (WBDOSS) is the primary source of data concerning the scope and health effects of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. WBDOSS collects data on waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with recreational water, drinking water, and environmental and undetermined exposures to water.

Algal bloom–associated disease outbreaks among users of freshwater lakes — United States, 2009–2010.
Impact of public health interventions on drinking water-associated outbreaks of Hepatitis A — United States, 1971–2017.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 68 / No. 35 / P. 766–770
Outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water — United States, 2000–2014.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 67 / No. 25 / P. 701–706
Outbreaks associated with treated recreational water — United States, 2000–2014.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 67 / No. 19 / P. 547–551

Additional publications can be found through PubMed using the following search terms:

  • Drinking water + MMWR
  • Drinking water outbreaks
  • Drinking water treatment

Foodborne disease outbreaks

The Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System (FDOSS) is CDC's program for collecting and reporting information about foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States.

FDOSS collects information about foodborne disease outbreaks, such as:

  • Date and location of the outbreak
  • Number of people who became ill and their symptoms
  • Food or drink implicated
  • Setting where the food or drink was prepared and eaten
  • Pathogen (germ, toxin, or chemical) that caused the outbreak

Foodborne illness source attribution estimates for 2019 for Salmonella, E. coli O157, Listeria, and Campylobacter using multi-year outbreak surveillance data, United States. [2021]
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Recency-weighted statistical modeling approach to attribute illnesses caused by 4 pathogens to food sources using outbreak data, United States. [2021]
Giardiasis outbreaks – United States, 2012–2017. [2021]
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 70 / No. 9 / P. 304–307
Non-norovirus viral gastroenteritis outbreaks reported to NORS – United States, 2009–2018. [2021]
An outbreak investigation of Scombrotoxin fish poisoning illnesses in the United States linked to yellowfin tuna imported from Vietnam – 2019. [2021]
Food recalls associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 2006–2016. [2021]
Foods implicated in U.S. outbreaks differ from the types most commonly consumed. [2021]
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli outbreaks in the United States, 2010–2017. [2021]
Novel outbreak-associated food vehicles, United States. [2021]
Enteric illness outbreaks reported through NORS, United States, 2009–19. [2021]
Restaurant policies and practices related to norovirus outbreak size and duration. [2020]
Foodborne illness source attribution estimates for 2018 for Salmonella, E. coli O157, Listeria, and Campylobacter using multi-year outbreak surveillance data, United States. [2020]
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Outbreak characteristics and epidemic curves for multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with produce: United States, 2009–2015. [2020]
Lessons learned from a decade of investigations of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli outbreaks linked to leafy greens. [2020]
Investigations of possible multistate outbreaks of Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and Listeria infections – United States, 2016. [2020]
MMWR. Surveillance Summaries / Vol. 69 / No. 6 / P. 1–14
Non-infectious foodborne exposures reported to two national reporting systems, United States, 2000–2010. [2019]
Assessing the maximum size of annual foodborne outbreaks in the United States: an analysis of 1973–2016 outbreaks. [2019]
Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica linked to animal contact: demographic and outbreak characteristics and comparison to food outbreaks—United States, 2009–2014. [2019]
Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks—United States, 2009–2015. [2018]
MMWR. Surveillance Summaries / Vol. 67 / No. 10 / P. 1–11
Outbreaks attributed to pork in the United States, 1998–2015. [2017]
Fish-associated foodborne disease outbreaks: United States, 1998–2015. [2017]
Increasing Campylobacter infections, outbreaks, and antimicrobial resistance—United States 2004–2012. [2017]
Foodborne disease outbreaks in correctional institutions—United States, 1998–2014. [2017]
Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella that cause foodborne disease outbreaks: United States, 2003–2012. [2017]
Characterization of resistance genes and plasmids from outbreaks and illness clusters caused by Salmonella resistant to ceftriaxone in the United States, 2011–2012. [2017]
Outbreaks associated with food imported into the United States, 1996–2014. [2017]
Epidemiology of restaurant-associated foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 1998–2013. [2017]
Poultry is the most commonly implicated food in outbreaks—United States, 1998–2012. [2017]
Foodborne disease outbreaks associated with organic foods in the United States. [2016]
Foodborne (1973–2013) and waterborne (1971–2013) disease outbreaks — United States. [2016]
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 63 / No. 55 / P. 79–83
A state by state assessment of food safety regulations for prevention of norovirus outbreaks. [2016]
The rise and decline in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis outbreaks attributed to egg-containing foods in the United States, 1973–2009. [2016]

Animal contact disease outbreaks

The Animal Contact Outbreak Surveillance System (ACOSS) is CDC's system for collecting and reporting information about U.S. enteric illness outbreaks linked to contact with animals or their environments.

Information collected by ACOSS includes:

  • Date and location of the outbreak
  • The number of people who became ill and their symptoms
  • Type of animal involved
  • Setting where the contact happened
  • Pathogen (bacteria, virus, or parasite) that caused the outbreak

The following publications contain data from ACOSS.

A review of zoonotic disease threats to pet owners: a compendium of measures to prevent zoonotic diseases associated with non-traditional pets: rodents and other small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, backyard poultry, and other selected animals.
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli outbreaks in the United States, 2010–2017.
Enteric illness outbreaks reported through NORS, United States, 2009–19.
Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks – United States, 2009–2017.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 68 / No. 25 / P. 568–572
Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica infections linked to animal contact: Demographic and outbreak characteristics and comparison to foodborne outbreaks – United States, 2009–2014.
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in human nontyphoidal Salmonella infections: An emerging public health problem in the United States.
Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections associated with exposure to animal manure in a rural community – Arizona and Utah, June–July 2017.
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report / Vol. 67 / No. 23 / P. 659–662
Compendium of measures to prevent diseases associated with animals in public settings, 2017.
Increasing Campylobacter infections, outbreaks, and antimicrobial resistance in the United States, 2004–2012.
Outbreaks of human Salmonella infections associated with live poultry, United States, 1990–2014.
E. coli O157 outbreaks in the United States, 2003–2012.
Acute gastroenteritis surveillance through NORS, United States.
Outbreaks of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli infection: USA.

Person-to-person transmitted disease outbreaks

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Content Source:
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)