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Neighborhood Resources to Support Healthy Diets and Physical Activity Among US Military Veterans

ORIGINAL RESEARCH — Volume 14 — November 9, 2017

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Figure.
Availability of food and recreational venues in census tracts, by quartile of concentration of veterans (the percentage of veterans among the adult population), relative to all US census tracts, as measured by the location quotient. The greater the location quotient, the greater the availability of a food or recreational venue relative to all locations in a sample. A location quotient equal to 1.0 (indicated by the red dashed line) indicates that availability in sample is equal to availability across all US census tracts: A) supermarkets and grocery stores, B) fast food restaurants and convenience stores, and C) recreational venues. Quartiles of veteran concentration were categorized as low (0%–6.0%), mid-low (6.0%–8.8%), mid-high (8.8%–11.5%), and high (11.5%–100%).

Residential Environmental Attribute Concentration of Veterans, by Quartile
Low Mid-Low Mid-High High
Grocery stores and supermarkets
Grocery stores 3.11 0.51 0.22 0.12
Nonchain supermarkets 2.83 0.60 0.32 0.20
Chain supermarkets 1.99 0.89 0.60 0.50
All supermarkets 2.36 0.76 0.48 0.37
Fast food restaurants and convenience stores
Convenience stores 2.12 0.86 0.57 0.43
Nonchain fast food restaurants 2.62 0.69 0.39 0.27
Chain fast food restaurants 1.97 0.87 0.62 0.51
All fast food restaurants 2.36 0.76 0.48 0.37
Recreational venues
Parks 1.64 1.06 0.73 0.54
Commercial fitness facilities 2.19 0.85 0.53 0.41

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Appendix Figure. Availability of food outlets and recreational venues in nonmetropolitan census tracts, by quartile of concentrations of veterans (the percentage of veterans among the adult population), relative to all US census tracts, as measured by the location quotient. The greater the location quotient, the greater the availability of a residential environmental attribute relative to all locations in a sample. A location quotient equal to 1.0 (indicated by the red dashed line) indicates that availability in sample is equal to availability across all US census tracts: A) supermarkets and grocery stores, B) fast food restaurants and convenience stores, and C) recreational venues. Quartiles of veteran concentration were categorized as low (0%–6.0%), mid-low (6.0%–8.8%), mid-high (8.8%–11.5%), and high (11.5%–100%).

Residential Environmental Feature Low Mid-Low Mid-High High
Supermarkets and grocery stores
Grocery stores 2.24 1.26 0.87 0.69
Nonchain supermarkets 1.90 1.04 0.99 0.79
Chain supermarkets 1.60 1.14 1.00 0.79
All supermarkets 1.72 1.10 0.99 0.79
Fast food restaurants and convenience stores
Convenience stores 1.81 1.18 0.98 0.73
Nonchain fast food restaurants 2.00 1.09 0.96 0.76
Chain fast food restaurants 2.00 1.14 0.95 0.74
All fast food restaurants 2.00 1.12 0.96 0.75
Recreational venues
Commercial fitness facilities 1.63 1.12 0.97 0.82
Parks 1.47 1.01 0.94 0.95

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