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Absenteeism and Employer Costs Associated With Chronic Diseases and Health Risk Factors in the US Workforce

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Figure 1. Regression-adjusted number of excess missed workdays per year by chronic disease or risk factor from the full model, which controlled for industry and employee characteristics. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviation: MEPS, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Variable No. of Excess Missed Workdays per Year (95% Confidence Interval)
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Smoking 0.58 (0.25–0.92)
Physical inactivity 0.63 (0.33–0.92)
Obesity 1.02 (0.70–1.33)
Hypertension 1.13 (0.84–1.42)
Diabetes 1.03 (0.63–1.42)
MarketScan
Smoking 1.07 (0.83–1.31)
Physical inactivity 1.94 (1.51–2.36)
Obesity 0.59 (0.49–0.69)
Hypertension 1.23 (1.06–1.41)
Diabetes 1.35 (0.98–1.73)

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Figure 2. Regression-adjusted number of missed workdays per year. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviation: MEPS, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Survey Data Set No. of Conditions Any Risk Factor (Smoking, Obesity, or Physical Inactivity) Chronic Disease (Hypertension or Diabetes)
0 or 1 2 or 3 4 or 5
MarketScan, no. of missed workdays 2.0 (−0.4 to 4.4) 4.5 (1.5 to 7.5) 8.6 (4.5 to 12.7) 2.6 (−0.2 to 5.4) 4.0 (0.9 to 7.1)
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, no. of missed workdays 2.3 (1.7 to 2.9) 3.7 (3.0 to 4.4) 4.4 (3.1 to 5.7) 3.2 (2.6 to 3.8) 3.7 (3.0 to 4.4)

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Page last reviewed: October 6, 2016