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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Sodium, Saturated Fat, and Trans Fat Content Per 1,000 Kilocalories: Temporal Trends in Fast-Food Restaurants, United States, 2000–2013

Chain/YearLarge French FriesCheeseburgerGrilled Chicken Sandwich
2 oz4 oz
Sodium, mg/1,000 kcal
Chain A
20006482,5942,4722,156
20016482,5152,4722,156
20026482,5152,4722,156
20036482,4242,3582,225
20046542,3942,2962,550
20056352,3872,2552,952
20065792,3872,2552,952
20075792,5002,3332,833
20087002,5002,3332,833
20097002,5002,3332,833
20107002,5002,3332,833
20117002,5002,3332,343
20127002,2672,1152,343
20137002,2672,1152,343
β5.5−12.3−20.825.0
P Value.05.05.001.26
Chain B
20002,0002,1111,8162,000
20011,8802,0271,7822,018
20021,7602,1941,6822,362
20031,7602,1941,7752,362
20041,7602,2001,8132,474
20051,7602,2001,8132,472
20061,6402,3641,9082,314
20071,6402,3641,9082,314
20081,6402,2941,8832,551
20091,7072,2651,8832,490
20101,5372,3871,8832,490
20111,5372,3671,8552,340
20121,4202,4641,8552,830
20131,4202,4641,7462,647
β−36.928.46.340.3
P Value<.001<.001.21.001
Chain C
20003162,5942,5312,548
20013192,5812,4582,467
20028642,6452,5212,467
20038642,6452,5632,433
20048642,6452,5633,056
20059802,5632,4903,056
20061,0192,5312,4492,892
20071,0582,5002,4402,969
20088732,6542,3802,969
20099262,5932,3332,857
20108522,7042,3893,029
20111,0752,4812,3093,083
20121,0752,8282,3232,256
20131,0802,8282,0332,564
β45.710.3−27.614.2
P Value<.01.15<.001.48
Chain comparison P value≤.01≤.001<.001a<.01b


Figure 1.
Sodium content (mg/1,000 kcal) for popular menu items at 3 large, national fast-food chains, United States, 2000–2013. Sodium content for large-sized French fries, 2 sizes of cheeseburgers (2-oz and 4-oz), and 1 size of grilled chicken sandwich from chains A, B and C. β estimates and P values derived from individual simple linear regression models; chain comparison P values derived from ANOVA (analysis of variance) models comparing mean values between restaurants. a Difference is between Chain B versus Chains A and C. b Difference is between Chain B versus Chain C.

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Chain/YearLarge French FriesCheeseburgerGrilled Chicken Sandwich
2 oz4 oz
Saturated Fat, g/1,000 kcal
Chain A
20008.318.824.56.7
20018.318.224.56.7
20028.318.224.56.7
20038.318.224.57.5
20048.718.224.17.5
20059.619.423.54.8
200610.519.423.54.8
200710.520.023.54.8
20087.020.023.54.8
20097.020.023.54.8
20107.020.023.54.8
20117.020.023.55.7
20127.020.023.15.7
20137.020.023.15.7
β−0.20.2−0.1−0.1
P Value.07<.001<.001.04
Chain B
200020.325.022.49.4
200114.024.321.89.1
200214.022.235.38.6
200314.022.222.58.6
200414.022.922.57.9
200514.022.922.57.9
200612.021.221.16.9
200712.021.221.16.9
200812.020.620.88.2
200910.320.620.88.2
201011.122.620.88.2
201111.120.021.17.4
20127.021.421.17.5
20137.021.421.17.8
β−0.7−0.3−0.4−0.1
P Value<.001<.01.14.02
Chain C
20007.018.821.44.8
20017.419.421.95.0
20028.016.121.95.0
20038.019.421.95.0
20048.019.421.94.2
20058.218.821.44.2
20067.418.821.44.1
20076.715.621.04.7
20087.319.221.04.7
20099.318.521.34.3
20108.318.521.34.4
20119.418.521.84.2
20129.420.725.89.0
20139.020.721.73.9
β0.20.10.1<0.1
P Value<.01.26.32.58
Overall P value<.001a<.001aNS<.05


Figure 2.
Saturated fat content (g/1,000 kcal) for popular menu items at 3 large, national fast-food chains, United States, 2000–2013. Saturated fat content for large-sized French fries, 2 sizes of cheeseburgers (2-oz and 4-oz), and 1 size of grilled chicken sandwich from chains A, B and C. β estimates and P values derived from individual simple linear regression models; chain comparison P values derived from ANOVA (analysis of variance) models comparing mean values between restaurants. Abbreviation: NS, nonsignificant. a Difference is between Chain B versus Chains A and C.

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Chain/YearLarge French FriesCheeseburgerGrilled Chicken Sandwich
2 oz4 oz
Trans fat, g/1,000 kcal
Chain A
2001
2002
2003
2004
200511.53.22.90
200614.03.22.90
200714.01.72.90
200801.72.90
200901.72.90
201001.72.90
201101.72.90
201201.72.90
201301.72.90
β−1.9−0.2<–0.1NC
P Value<.01.03<.01NS
Chain B
200112.02.71.9
200212.81.91.80.9
200312.81.91.80.9
200412.01.41.90
200512.01.42.50
200612.01.52.01.0
200712.01.52.01.0
200812.01.51.90
200901.51.90
201001.61.90
2011001.30
2012001.30
2013001.40
β−1.3−0.2<−0.1−0.1
P Value<.001<.001.17.05
Chain C
2001
2002
200311.41.62.10
200411.41.62.10
200512.21.62.00
20061.91.62.00
20071.91.62.00
200801.92.00
200901.91.90
201001.91.90
201101.92.70
201201.72.40
201301.72.50
β−1.3<0.10.1NC
P Value<.01.05.08NS
Overall P valueNS<.04a≤.03NS


Figure 3.
Trans fat content (g per 1,000 kcal) for popular menu items at 3 large, national fast-food chains, United States, 2001–2013. Trans fat content for large-sized French fries, 2 sizes of cheeseburgers (2-oz and 4-oz), and 1 size of grilled chicken sandwich from chains A, B and C. β estimates and P values derived from individual simple linear regression models; chain comparison P values derived from ANOVA (analysis of variance) models comparing mean values between restaurants. Abbreviations: —, data not available; NS, nonsignificant. a Difference is between Chain A and Chain B.

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