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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

The Effect of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania Clean Indoor Air Act on Food Services and Drinking Places Sales and Numbers, 1998-2011

Figure 1 consists of 4 graphs that depict the effect of the Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Clean Indoor Air Act on adjusted sales at 4 types of businesses: full-service restaurants, limited service eating places, special food service restaurants, and places that serve alcohol. Adjusted sales are shown for 3 areas: Philadelphia, the rest of the state, and the surrounding 4 counties.

Year/QuarterFull-Service RestaurantLimited Service
PhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 CountiesPhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 Counties
1998/16.257.4732.231.954.2920.62
1998/26.196.5530.332.044.1520.93
1998/35.816.5730.272.124.2221.94
1998/45.254.5124.781.772.8116.48
1999/16.856.8032.832.644.3622.77
1999/26.526.1931.842.664.3323.66
1999/36.286.8432.162.594.7924.35
1999/45.474.4925.232.253.0317.99
2000/17.237.3034.333.344.9725.97
2000/27.006.3733.113.294.7926.83
2000/36.426.9332.803.055.1727.16
2000/44.674.5124.582.213.2118.62
2001/16.687.0632.033.264.9924.70
2001/26.296.7632.433.074.9625.52
2001/35.447.3231.483.025.4025.10
2001/44.894.6623.612.493.2017.55
2002/17.106.3829.803.634.3722.93
2002/29.066.1826.844.504.4821.22
2002/37.306.6526.554.064.7521.73
2002/45.764.5020.343.013.0015.17
2003/17.136.6225.043.994.4119.55
2003/27.095.8823.853.924.1319.02
2003/36.836.6321.853.944.6618.57
2003/45.584.4216.983.092.9613.50
2004/17.466.5721.804.214.3517.29
2004/27.255.7120.204.114.1316.92
2004/36.576.2620.463.914.5417.73
2004/45.284.2217.433.022.9214.26
2005/17.086.5421.704.244.5618.17
2005/27.806.0621.634.604.4618.51
2005/37.106.5721.874.434.8419.60
2005/46.194.3218.163.303.0114.60
2006/18.626.5622.754.544.5318.46
2006/28.505.7620.674.384.2017.36
2006/38.626.6020.404.464.8617.92
2006/46.594.5416.343.363.1613.06
2007/19.296.7020.525.064.7016.48
2007/28.786.4518.254.484.6914.90
2007/37.747.0418.244.085.1315.61
2007/46.344.7715.203.363.3112.09
2008/18.877.1519.894.914.9916.47
2008/28.746.3717.074.874.7314.59
2008/37.746.8816.134.425.1114.55
2008/46.294.8414.703.593.4812.52
2009/19.726.2519.006.034.5116.66
2009/28.026.3616.855.304.8115.10
2009/38.026.6916.665.715.1315.79
2009/45.204.7814.963.513.5813.25
2010/17.656.5118.515.254.9916.68
2010/27.176.1917.194.874.9716.01
2010/35.756.6817.894.295.4117.02
2010/44.314.8315.423.003.7213.63
2011/18.076.7319.095.605.3017.29
2011/27.326.2316.615.035.0215.59
2011/36.206.6416.694.555.4016.42
2011/44.354.7713.873.133.7512.53

 

Year/QuarterSpecial FoodDrinking Place
PhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 CountiesPhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 Counties
1998/11.770.182.591.510.803.27
1998/21.940.222.901.550.683.00
1998/31.960.252.701.410.673.08
1998/41.560.162.401.330.482.14
1999/11.970.192.501.010.722.85
1999/22.190.223.240.940.632.74
1999/32.040.263.190.880.692.74
1999/41.810.162.680.800.481.98
2000/12.300.193.141.070.782.91
2000/22.550.233.830.970.672.72
2000/32.380.273.790.920.712.78
2000/41.730.163.000.670.472.02
2001/12.250.183.151.010.772.74
2001/22.850.254.140.900.692.64
2001/32.150.273.890.820.722.54
2001/41.930.152.940.730.481.84
2002/12.560.143.081.050.672.48
2002/23.980.223.571.190.622.15
2002/32.840.233.551.070.642.19
2002/42.260.142.890.780.451.63
2003/12.490.162.760.960.682.11
2003/22.850.213.300.890.571.89
2003/32.860.243.070.830.601.81
2003/41.860.152.340.680.421.33
2004/12.460.182.410.900.631.74
2004/23.260.222.880.820.531.57
2004/32.950.262.860.740.571.64
2004/41.630.152.460.600.391.35
2005/11.920.192.570.810.601.71
2005/23.200.253.370.810.541.64
2005/32.980.273.080.770.561.66
2005/41.950.162.560.630.361.21
2006/12.540.182.500.890.541.51
2006/22.980.243.050.790.511.31
2006/33.140.292.870.800.521.31
2006/42.060.192.130.600.360.96
2007/12.390.212.190.820.531.18
2007/22.860.302.570.740.511.05
2007/32.730.332.440.590.531.05
2007/41.720.211.990.480.360.80
2008/12.160.242.220.660.531.08
2008/23.310.312.360.660.480.92
2008/33.090.352.080.560.500.88
2008/42.020.201.850.450.360.73
2009/12.650.201.720.700.460.94
2009/23.010.302.230.580.480.85
2009/33.350.332.060.590.490.89
2009/41.700.201.840.370.360.79
2010/11.850.221.670.550.480.99
2010/22.720.302.150.500.460.96
2010/32.460.362.220.400.471.01
2010/41.400.221.790.290.360.79
2011/12.160.241.690.520.491.01
2011/22.720.332.080.470.460.93
2011/32.380.352.210.420.480.97
2011/41.200.211.680.270.350.73


Figure 1. Effect of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania Clean Indoor Air Act (CIAA) on adjusted sales for each region and type of food service or drinking place, 1998–2011. Philadelphia County enacted a CIAA in January 2007, and the Pennsylvania CIAA became effective in September 2008; both dates are indicated by vertical lines.

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Figure 2 consists of 4 graphs that depict the effect of the Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Clean Indoor Air Act on the adjusted number of businesses of 4 types: full-service restaurants, limited service eating places, special food service restaurants, and places that serve alcohol. The adjusted number of businesses shown are for 3 areas: Philadelphia, the rest of the state, and the surrounding 4 counties.

Year/QuarterFull-Service RestaurantsLimited Service
PhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 CountiesPhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 Counties
1998/16.5510.199.653.093.904.92
1998/26.029.288.843.053.644.80
1998/36.2710.199.483.404.295.52
1998/46.019.018.913.413.885.37
1999/16.1310.299.473.834.806.03
1999/26.188.658.883.964.175.94
1999/36.349.699.344.175.016.60
1999/45.938.238.064.054.315.88
2000/16.068.918.494.375.056.51
2000/25.527.577.634.054.355.98
2000/35.848.357.584.415.076.22
2000/45.737.417.444.264.435.88
2001/15.768.227.944.375.056.34
2001/25.387.077.473.954.265.90
2001/35.447.467.544.024.626.14
2001/45.276.426.993.923.855.60
2002/15.266.617.273.914.065.84
2002/25.075.836.513.793.565.24
2002/34.875.926.413.713.765.26
2002/44.535.585.753.523.494.71
2003/14.485.505.993.613.594.99
2003/24.465.175.493.693.364.70
2003/34.415.165.483.763.464.74
2003/44.204.755.273.563.174.58
2004/14.324.845.493.843.354.87
2004/24.234.565.153.793.204.57
2004/34.144.605.373.863.374.76
2004/43.924.384.983.793.174.49
2005/13.805.085.273.833.864.89
2005/23.704.294.813.743.204.43
2005/33.614.675.033.813.674.79
2005/43.594.124.623.773.144.37
2006/13.595.235.363.814.275.23
2006/23.423.904.583.663.034.33
2006/33.454.795.123.823.995.04
2006/43.343.824.403.643.034.12
2007/13.534.955.403.884.195.20
2007/23.323.664.193.642.983.94
2007/33.404.604.933.843.964.93
2007/43.273.554.023.642.913.98
2008/13.454.794.663.884.144.84
2008/23.243.383.823.602.843.90
2008/33.394.314.443.873.824.63
2008/43.343.433.883.772.913.95
2009/13.484.364.394.013.884.64
2009/23.233.333.673.652.873.80
2009/33.293.964.183.833.584.45
2009/43.243.423.693.732.943.81
2010/13.354.464.363.964.074.63
2010/23.093.303.713.602.933.88
2010/33.264.214.283.923.944.69
2010/43.233.353.613.742.983.85
2011/13.444.554.464.134.204.88
2011/23.233.293.573.822.953.87
2011/33.504.274.354.283.994.77

 

Year/QuarterSpecial Food ServicesDrinking Places
PhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 CountiesPhiladelphiaRest of StateSurrounding 4 Counties
1998/10.390.400.804.135.152.95
1998/20.380.420.774.015.132.81
1998/30.420.480.874.005.212.96
1998/40.410.440.844.065.132.91
1999/10.430.530.924.085.412.99
1999/20.440.450.884.315.022.92
1999/30.460.510.984.195.173.01
1999/40.450.450.874.244.872.70
2000/10.480.480.984.264.932.83
2000/20.440.450.904.054.582.62
2000/30.500.520.914.144.692.62
2000/40.490.460.874.124.532.61
2001/10.510.520.973.984.672.73
2001/20.480.450.933.834.372.65
2001/30.500.491.003.674.222.67
2001/40.480.410.953.653.902.50
2002/10.480.440.993.513.672.53
2002/20.480.420.923.443.492.28
2002/30.470.440.973.173.212.19
2002/40.450.430.883.043.261.98
2003/10.440.440.982.912.962.04
2003/20.430.450.922.932.971.88
2003/30.430.470.932.752.721.83
2003/40.420.440.942.612.721.78
2004/10.440.461.012.602.551.80
2004/20.450.460.992.562.541.68
2004/30.440.481.042.392.361.68
2004/40.420.460.962.322.391.55
2005/10.420.531.042.172.311.54
2005/20.400.470.962.172.281.44
2005/30.400.501.022.022.071.37
2005/40.380.460.952.042.151.32
2006/10.380.531.031.862.151.37
2006/20.380.470.941.892.001.27
2006/30.400.551.001.791.941.29
2006/40.380.470.911.811.941.18
2007/10.410.560.991.721.881.22
2007/20.400.490.861.761.811.09
2007/30.420.600.911.641.711.08
2007/40.410.500.831.731.721.05
2008/10.410.610.901.591.731.02
2008/20.410.490.801.671.610.97
2008/30.430.590.871.521.550.95
2008/40.440.500.811.721.650.97
2009/10.460.590.851.481.570.92
2009/20.450.510.781.601.570.89
2009/30.450.570.841.391.400.86
2009/40.430.510.781.651.590.90
2010/10.430.620.831.371.520.86
2010/20.430.530.781.551.520.87
2010/30.470.650.831.321.410.83
2010/40.470.540.781.631.540.86
2011/10.470.650.861.411.490.83
2011/20.470.550.791.631.460.83
2011/30.510.680.851.401.360.80
2011/40.500.560.821.671.460.84


Figure 2. Effect of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania CIAA on adjusted number of types of food service or drinking place for each region, 1998–2011. Philadelphia County enacted a CIAA in January 2007, and the Pennsylvania CIAA became effective in September 2008; both dates are indicated by vertical lines.

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