Countries and Territories with Recent or Previous Oropouche Virus Transmission

What to know

In the past, Oropouche virus has caused periodic outbreaks in and around the Amazon Basin. Starting in late 2023, outbreaks were recognized in previously impacted areas and new areas of South America and the Caribbean. Check this page for information about countries and territories with recent or previous Oropouche virus transmission before you make travel plans. Since surveillance practices vary greatly among countries, CDC does not always have accurate information on transmission risk. For this reason, all travelers to areas with biting midges and mosquitoes should take precautions to prevent insect bites.
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Oropouche virus Travel Health Notices

Health Notice‎

Before travel, visit CDC's Travelers' Health website for any active Oropouche Travel Health Notices and review the map below to determine if your destination has had recent Oropouche virus transmission. Oropouche virus Travel Health Notices provide up-to-date information on Oropouche virus outbreaks that are known to be occurring and advice about protective actions travelers can take to prevent infection or adverse health effects.

Where has Oropouche virus disease been found?

Evidence for risk classification of countries1

Recent human disease cases

Recent is defined as human disease cases of Oropouche reported in the last two years (2023-2024). A two-year period is used to account for seasonal differences between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Country
Evidence of human disease risk
Bolivia
Most outbreaks of human disease have occurred in areas in the Amazon Basin.
Brazil
Widespread transmission with most outbreaks of human disease occurring in states in the Amazon Basin. In the last few years, increasing number of human disease cases have been reported in other states in the country.
Colombia
Most outbreaks of human disease have occurred in areas in the Amazon Basin.
Cuba
First outbreak of human disease documented in 2024; limited data on areas of country impacted.
Dominican Republic
First human disease cases reported in 2024.
Peru
Most outbreaks of human disease have occurred in areas in the Amazon Basin. Outbreaks and human disease cases caused by both Oropouche virus and Iquitos virus have been detected.

Previous human disease cases

Previous is defined as human disease cases of Oropouche last reported prior to 2023.

Country
Evidence of human disease risk
Argentina
Human disease cases documented in northern Argentina (Jujuy Province) in 2005.
Ecuador
Previous human disease cases have been identified in areas in the Amazon Basin. Transmission of Iquitos virus in 2024.
French Guiana
Outbreak of human disease cases documented in 2020 in Saül.
Haiti
One human disease case was identified in 2014.
Panama
Outbreak of human disease cases documented in 1989 in Bejuco.
Trinidad And Tobago
One human disease case was identified in 1955.

1Unless otherwise noted, information in the two tables relates to human disease cases caused by Oropouche virus. However, most of the current molecular assays are unable to differentiate Oropouche virus infections from infections with reassortant viruses (e.g., Madre de Dios and Iquitos viruses). Madre de Dios virus is not known to cause human disease but was identified in a non-human primate in 2010 in Venezuela. Iquitos is the only reassortant of Oropouche virus known to cause human disease. There are no data to suggest that Iquitos virus can cause the same adverse pregnancy outcomes as the recent circulating strains of Oropouche virus.

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Content Source:
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases