At a glance
Micronutrients, often referred to as vitamins and minerals, are vital to healthy development, disease prevention, and well-being. We only need small amounts of micronutrients, but getting the recommended amount is important. Micronutrient deficiencies can have devastating consequences. Here are six essential micronutrients and why they are important to our health.
Six essential nutrients
Iron helps develop the brain of a fetus and child. Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia. Severe anemia during pregnancy can result in poor fetal growth, preterm birth, or low birth weight. Anemia during pregnancy also increases the risk of death for both the mother and baby. In addition, iron deficiency limits physical productivity and work capacity.
Folate is a general term for many different forms of vitamin B9, which is essential in the earliest days of fetal growth. Folic acid, the form of folate found in supplements and fortified foods, is the only form shown to prevent serious birth defects of the brain, spinal cord, and skull. These birth defects are often preventable if women get enough folic acid before and during early pregnancy.
Vitamin A supports healthy eyesight and immune system functions. Children who are deficient face an increased risk of blindness and death from infections such as measles and diarrhea.
Iodine is also required during pregnancy and early infancy for brain and cognitive development. Iodine deficiency can lead to developmental delays and is the most common cause of preventable mental retardation.
Zinc promotes immunity, resistance to infection, and proper growth and development of the nervous system. This mineral is also important for healthy pregnancies.
Vitamin D is essential for bone health as well as muscle and nerve functions. Vitamin D also helps the immune system fight off bacteria and viruses.