Training and Decontamination

Purpose

  • Identify the topics that should be covered during trainings about illicit drug exposure.I
  • Identify the steps emergency responders should take to clean and remove illicit drugs.
  • Identify actions for employers.
Risk control concept using a speedometer

Training

Responders who perform jobs where illicit drugs including fentanyl may be present should receive special training in how to conduct an on-scene risk assessment. Responders should demonstrate an understanding of the following:

  • How to recognize the form and determine the quantity of illicit drugs
  • How to recognize situations that may cause illicit drugs to enter the air
  • How to safely collect, handle, process, and store evidence that may be contaminated by illicit drugs
  • When to use PPE; what PPE is necessary; how to put on, use, take off, dispose of, and maintain PPE; and the limitations of PPE
  • What the potential exposure routes are for illicit drugs
  • How to recognize the signs and symptoms of poisoning from an illicit drug exposure
  • When and how to seek medical help

NIOSH has developed a tool-kit for first responders to help with training on this topic.

Decontamination

Steps to clean and remove illicit drugs

  • Remove contaminated PPE.
  • Responders who come into contact with illicit drugs should shower immediately with soap and water to thoroughly wash and rinse skin that may have been exposed.
  • Avoid breaking the skin while cleaning and cover all open wounds.
  • Do not use hand sanitizer (or any alcohol based cleaner) or bleach to clean skin that may have come into contact with illicit drugs.
  • Remove and wash all clothing that may have come into contact with illicit drugs. Carefully place clothing in labeled, durable 6 mil polyethylene bags and keep segregated from other laundry.
  • Clean reusable PPE and equipment according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
  • Place contaminated single-use PPE in labeled durable 6 mil polyethylene bags and dispose of appropriately.

Actions for Employers

  • Identify hazards to which workers might be exposed and provide appropriate PPE to protect them.
  • Provide training on the department's internal procedures and NIOSH's recommended Standard Safe Operation Procedures.
  • Comply with OSHA's hazardous materials standard (29 CFR 1910.120) when conducting clean-up operations involving hazardous substances.
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Content Source:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health