An official website of the United States government
Endrin
May 1994
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
CAS number: 72–20–8
NIOSH REL: 0.1 mg/m3 [skin] TWA
Current OSHA PEL: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA [skin]
1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m3 TWA [skin]
Description of Substance: Colorless to tan, crystalline solid with a mild, chemical odor.
LEL:. . Noncombustible Solid
Original (SCP) IDLH*: 2,000 mg/m3 [*Note: “Effective” IDLH = 200 mg/m3 — see discussion below.]
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: Based on the statement by ACGIH [1971] that 3 of 10 rats were reported to have died following a 1-hour exposure at about 2,000 mg/m3 [Anderson et al. 1953; Hine et al. 1954], an IDLH of 2,000 mg/m3 was chosen. Because of the assigned protection factor afforded by each device, however, 2,000 × the OSHA PEL of 0.1 mg/m3 (i.e., 200 mg/m3) is the concentration above which only the “most protective” respirators are permitted.
Short-term exposure guidelines: None developed
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
Lethal concentration data:
| Species | Reference | LC50 | LCLo | Time | Adjusted 0.5-hrLC (CF) | Derivedvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat | ACGIH 1971 | LC30: 2,000 mg/m3 | —– | 1 hr | 2,500 mg/m3 (1.25) | 250 mg/m3 |
Lethal dose data:
| Species | Reference | Route | LD50(mg/kg) | LDLo(mg/kg) | Adjusted LD | Derived value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MonkeyG. pig
Hamster Rat Cat Rabbit Mouse |
AAPCO 1966AAPCO 1966
Ottolenghi et al. 1974 Sanderson and Noakes 1970 Treon et al. 1955 Treon et al. 1955 Webb et al. 1973 |
oraloral
oral oral oral oral oral |
316
10 3 —– 7 1.4 |
———-
—– —– 5 —– —– |
21 mg/m3112 mg/m3
70 mg/m3 21 mg/m3 35 mg/m3 49 mg/m3 10 mg/m3 |
2.1 mg/m311 mg/m3
7.0 mg/m3 2.1 mg/m3 3.5 mg/m3 4.9 mg/m3 1.0 mg/m3 |
Human data: An oral dose of 171 mg/kg has been reported to be lethal [Runhaar et al. 1985]. It has also been reported that the approximate oral dose producing convulsions is about 0.2 mg/kg [Hayes 1982]. [Note: Oral doses of 171 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg are equivalent to a 70-kg worker being exposed to about 8,000 mg/m3 or 9 mg/m3, respectively, for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]
| Revised IDLH: 2 mg/m3Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for endrin is 2 mg/m3 based on acute oral toxicity data in humans [Hayes 1982] and animals [AAPCO 1966; Sanderson and Noakes 1970; Treon et al. 1955; Webb et al. 1973]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute inhalation toxicity data for workers. |
REFERENCES:
1. AAPCO [1966]. Pesticide chemicals official compendium. Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., p. 475.
2. ACGIH [1971]. Endrin. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, p. 98.
3. Anderson HH, et al. [1953]. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Report No. 213. [From ACGIH [1971]. Endrin. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, p. 98.]
4. Hayes WH Jr [1982]. Pesticides studied in man. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company, pp. 247-251.
5. Hine CH, et al. [1954]. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Report No. 233. [From ACGIH [1971]. Endrin. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, p. 98.]
6. Ottolenghi AD, Haseman JK, Suggs F [1974]. Teratogenic effects of aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin in hamsters and mice. Teratology 9:11-16.
7. Runhaar EA, Sangster B, Greve PA, Voortman M [1985]. A case of fatal endrin poisoning. Hum Toxicol 4:241-247.
8. Sanderson DM, Noakes DN [1970]. Acute toxicity data for pesticides (1970). World Review of Pesticide Control 9:119-127.
9. Treon JF, Cleveland FP, Cappel J [1955]. Toxicity of endrin for laboratory animals. J Agri Food Chem 3:842-848.
10. Webb RE, Hartgrove RW, Randolph WC, Petrella VJ, Horsfall F Jr [1973]. Toxicity studies in endrin-susceptible and resistant strains of pine mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 25:42-47.