m-Xylene
RTECS #
ZE2275000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
106.18
Molecular Formula
C8H10
Synonyms
1,3-Dimethylbenzene
1,3-Xylene
Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl- (9CI)
m-Dimethylbenzene
m-Methyltoluene
m-Xylene (ACGIH:OSHA)
m-Xylol
1,3-Xylene
Benzene, 1,3-dimethyl- (9CI)
m-Dimethylbenzene
m-Methyltoluene
m-Xylene (ACGIH:OSHA)
m-Xylol
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 5 mg/24H | severe | 85JCAE -,30,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 10 µg/24H open irritation test | severe | AIHAAP 23,95,1962 |
| skin /rabbit | 20 mg/24H | moderate | 85JCAE -,30,1986 |
| skin /rat | 100%/1H | TOXID9 72,379,2003 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/human | 0.34 mmol/L/1H | TOLED5 147,35,2004 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 3000 mg/m3/24H (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TXCYAC 18,61,1980 |
| inhalation/mouse | 500 mg/m3/12H (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| inhalation/rabbit | 500 mg/m3/24H (7-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| oral/mouse | 12 mg/kg (12-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) | APTOD9 19,A22,1980 |
| oral/mouse | 30 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | APTOD9 19,A22,1980 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/iag | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.8 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 55,74,2016 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/2H | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 60,428,2001 |
| inhalation/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | TOXID9 66,97,2002 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 424 mg/m3/6H/6D | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | TOLED5 1000(Sp Iss 1),74,1980 |
| inhalation/man | lowest published toxic concentration: 870 mg/m3/4H- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Irritability | ATSUDG 7,412,1984 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 2010 ppm/24H | JPBAA7 46,95,1938 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 5267 ppm/6H | VCVGH* -,159,1990 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 8000 ppm/4H | AIHAAP 23,95,1962 | |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 100 ppm/6H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | INHTE5 16,125,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 ppm/6H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | INHTE5 16,125,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/6H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | INHTE5 16,125,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 ppm/6H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | INHTE5 16,125,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg | JPBAA7 46,95,1938 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2003 µL/kg | ARTODN 58,106,1985 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4988 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,160,1990 | |
| skin/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 500 µL/kg/1H | Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation | TOXID9 1,59,2001 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14100 µL/kg | AIHAAP 23,95,1962 | |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.92 mL/kg | Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ARTODN 79,294,2005 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1250 µL/kg/1H | Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation | TOXID9 1,59,2001 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8 mg/kg | Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, irritative Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 255,100,2009 |
| subcutaneous/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kg | JPBAA7 46,95,1938 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 400 ppm/6H/2W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | ARTODN 45,117,1980 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/6H/20D- intermittent | Behavioral: Analgesia Behavioral: Alteration of operant conditioning Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | NRTXDN 22,79,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/6H/8D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | FCTOD7 41,415,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10 gm/kg/4W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TIHEEC 1(3),67,1985 |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.96 mL/kg/4D- intermittent | Skin: After topical application: Primary irritation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | ARTODN 79,294,2005 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 100 ppm;short term exposure limit 150 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1189,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 71,1189,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 71,1189,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 47,75,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,111,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,470,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,68,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 60,120,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 100 ppm (440 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,281,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 80 ppm (350 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 150 ppm (655 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (221 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 25 ppm (109 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 221 mg/m3 (50 ppm);short term exposure limit 442 mg/m3 (100 ppm), skin, JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (220 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (440 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 50 ppm (221 mg/m3), VLE 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), Skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 221 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 442 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 25 ppm (109 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (217 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 150 ppm (655 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (217 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 25 ppm (108 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 100 ppm (434 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 150 ppm (651 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (450 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), KZG-week 200 ppm (870 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (220 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (441 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO m-XYLENE-air | 10H time-weighted average 100 ppm;short term exposure limit 150 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code M1027; Number of Industries 33; Total Number of Facilities 4113; Number of Occupations 36; Total Number of Employees Exposed 39864; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 7449 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code M1027; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 96; Number of Occupations 21; Total Number of Employees Exposed 4621 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #1002 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health