Toluene, alpha-chloro-

RTECS #

XS8925000

CAS #

100-44-7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2018

Molecular Weight

126.59

Molecular Formula

C₇H₇Cl

Synonyms

alpha-Chlorotoluene
alpha-Chlortoluol (German)
Benzene, (chloromethyl)-
Benzile (cloruro di) (Italian)
Benzyl chloride
Benzyl chloride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Benzylchlorid (German)
Benzyle (chlorure de) (French)
Chloromethylbenzene
Chlorophenylmethane
Chlorure de benzyle (French)
NCI-C06360
omega-Chlorotoluene
RCRA waste number P028
Tolyl chloride

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	other cell types/rat	120 µmol/L	PMRSDJ 4,247,1982
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/mouse	393 µmol/L	MUREAV 203,155,1988
DNA Damage	fibroblast/human	1 mmol/L	MUREAV 145,209,1985
DNA Damage	other cell types/human	1 mmol/L	MUREAV 145,209,1985
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	10 mg/L	JJIND8 62,873,1979
DNA repair	/Bacillus subtilis	79200 nmol/disc	MUREAV 58,143,1978
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	400 ppm	JJIND8 62,901,1979
micronucleus test	embryo/hamster	1 µmol/L	MUREAV 203,397,1988
micronucleus test	lung/hamster	313 µmol/L/6H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUTAEX 26,709,2011
micronucleus test	lung/hamster	1250 µmol/L/6H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUTAEX 26,709,2011
micronucleus test	lung/hamster	625 µmol/L/48H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUTAEX 26,709,2011
morphological transform	embryo/hamster	1600 µg/L	CRNGDP 1,323,1980
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	8 mg/L	EMMUEG 11,91,1988
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	7900 nmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 58,143,1978
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	666 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 9(Suppl 9),1,1987
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	6300 nmol/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 58,143,1978
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	28 mg/L/2H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 578,210,2005
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 mg/L/2H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 578,210,2005
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	500 µg/plate/48H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 633,13,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	200 µg/plate/48H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 633,13,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	250 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 633,13,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1000 µg/plate/3H (+/-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 633,13,2007
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	500 µg/plate/48H (+/-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 633,13,2007
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	100 µmol/L	JJATDK 3,203,1983
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	HeLa cell/human	50 µmol/L	CALEDQ 20,263,1983

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/mouse	250 mg/kg (5D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)	MUREAV 100,345,1982
oral/rat	1 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	JTEHD6 17,51,1986
oral/rat	11 µg/kg (1-19D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	GISAAA 44(3),11,1979
oral/rat	1000 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities	VCVGK* -,40,1994
subcutaneous/mouse	2500 mg/kg (5D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)	MUREAV 100,345,1982

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 31 gm/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Tumors	JJIND8 76,1231,1986
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 9200 mg/kg/50W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	GANNA2 72,655,1981
subcutaneous/rat	toxic dose: 2100 mg/kg/53W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	ZEKBAI 74,241,1970
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	FCTXAV 6,576,1968

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/cat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 400 ppm/8H	Eye: Corneal damage Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	NTIS** OTS0572390
inhalation/cat	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 mg/m³/8H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough	VCVGK* -,40,1984
inhalation/cat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 2000 mg/m³	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes	VCVGK* -,40,1984
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 160 mg/m³	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Lacrimation Eye: Conjunctiva irritation	VCVGK* -,40,1984
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 40 mg/m³/10S	Eye: Lacrimation Eye: Conjunctiva irritation	VCVGK* -,40,1984
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 500 mg/m³	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects	VCVGK* -,40,1984
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 390 mg/m³		GTPZAB 30(3),6,1986
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 390 mg/m³/2H		VCVGK* -,39,1984
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 80 ppm/2H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	IMEMDT 11,217,1976
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 5 ppm/6M	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	TOLED5 9,137,1981
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 0.39 gm/m³		TPKVAL 9,27,1967
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 0.74 gm/m³		TPKVAL 9,27,1967
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 150 ppm/2H	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	IMEMDT 11,217,1976
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 740 mg/m³/2H		VCVGK* -,39,1984
intravenous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes	VCVGK* -,39,1984
oral/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg		GISAAA 40(1),92,1975
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg		85GMAT -,25,1982
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1231 mg/kg		NTIS** PB214-270
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases	AECTCV 18,670,1989
skin/guinea pig	lowest published lethal dose: 10 mL/kg		NTIS** OTS0572390
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1 gm/kg		ZEKBAI 74,241,1970
unreported route/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 780 mg/kg		GISAAA 44(3),11,1979
unreported route/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 625 mg/kg		GISAAA 44(3),11,1979

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/cat	lowest published toxic concentration: 480 mg/m³/6D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	VCVGK* -,40,1994
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 46 ppm/6H/14D- intermittent	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects	JJATDK 15,207,1995
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 480 mg/m³/6D- intermittent	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects	VCVGK* -,40,1994
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 7800 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes	JJIND8 76,1231,1986
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 4836 mg/kg/26W- intermittent	Cardiac: Other changes Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JJIND8 76,1231,1986
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/8D- intermittent	Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JTEHD6 10,837,1982

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 29,49,1982
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 71,453,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 71,453,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 29,49,1982
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 626,135,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 654,114,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 672,10,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 672,17,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 55,596,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 55,43,2009

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,24,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.2 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	TRK-TMW 0.2 mg/m³;KZW 0.8 mg/m³, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.3 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	ceiling concentration 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (2.6 mg/m³), ceiling concentration 1.5 ppm (7.9 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), C2 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m³, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	short term exposure limit 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), carc, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	2A carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.2 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5.2 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	time-weighted average 3 mg/m³, CEILING 5 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	short term exposure limit 0.5 mg/m³, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (11 mg/m³), Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.2 mg/m³, carc 2, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	carc 1, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (2.6 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 1.5 ppm (7.9 mg/m³), carc, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (5 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO BENZYL CHLORIDE-air	ceiling concentration 1 ppm/15M	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 11600; Number of Industries 29; Total Number of Facilities 1877; Number of Occupations 25; Total Number of Employees Exposed 41075; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 8440
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 11600; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 172; Number of Occupations 10; Total Number of Employees Exposed 30504

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: CHO gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Host-mediated assay
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9; E coli polA with S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: SHE-clonal assay; B subtilis rec assay
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE	FEREAC 47,26992,82
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9001;8EHQ-0892-8910
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);clear evidence:mouse	JJIND8 76,1231,1986
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);inadequate:rat	JJIND8 76,1231,1986
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health