Phthalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
RTECS #
TI0350000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
390.62
Molecular Formula
C24H38O4
Synonyms
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
2-Ethylhexyl phthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Bisoflex 81
Bisoflex DOP
Compound 889
DEHP
Di-(2-ehylhexyl) phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)orthophthalate
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl phthalate
Dioctyl phthalate
Di-sec-octyl phthalate (ACGIH:OSHA)
Ergoplast FDO
Ethylhexyl phthalate
Eviplast 80
Eviplast 81
Fleximel
Flexol DOP
Flexol Plasticizer DOP
Good-rite GP 264
Hatcol DOP
Hercoflex 260
Jayflex DOP
Kodaflex DOP
Mollan O
NCI-C52733
Nuoplaz DOP
Octoil
Palatinol AH
Phthalic acid dioctyl ester
Pittsburgh PX-138
Platinol AH
Platinol DOP
RC Plasticizer DOP
RCRA waste number U028
Reomol D 79P
Reomol DOP
Sicol 150
Staflex DOP
Truflex DOP
Vestinol AH
Vinicizer 80
Witcizer 312
2-Ethylhexyl phthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)ester kyseliny ftalove (Czech)
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Bisoflex 81
Bisoflex DOP
Compound 889
DEHP
Di-(2-ehylhexyl) phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)orthophthalate
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl phthalate
Dioctyl phthalate
Di-sec-octyl phthalate (ACGIH:OSHA)
Ergoplast FDO
Ethylhexyl phthalate
Eviplast 80
Eviplast 81
Fleximel
Flexol DOP
Flexol Plasticizer DOP
Good-rite GP 264
Hatcol DOP
Hercoflex 260
Jayflex DOP
Kodaflex DOP
Mollan O
NCI-C52733
Nuoplaz DOP
Octoil
Palatinol AH
Phthalic acid dioctyl ester
Pittsburgh PX-138
Platinol AH
Platinol DOP
RC Plasticizer DOP
RCRA waste number U028
Reomol D 79P
Reomol DOP
Sicol 150
Staflex DOP
Truflex DOP
Vestinol AH
Vinicizer 80
Witcizer 312
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 500 mg | mild | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
| eye /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 85JCAE -,389,1986 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 85JCAE -,389,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | leukocyte/human | 6 mg/L | JPMSAE 65,1648,1976 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/hamster | 7500 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 45,119,1982 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 14 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | FCTOD7 42,107,2004 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/mouse | 3 mmol/L/24H | TXAPA9 248,52,2010 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 1000 mg/kg | MUREAV 751,73,2013 |
| DNA Damage | testis/mouse | 3 mmol/L | TOLED5 196S,S163,2010 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 12780 mg/kg | TXAPA9 29,35,1974 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | subcutaneous/mouse | 2970 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | JTEHD6 16,71,1985 |
| gene conversion and mitotic recombination | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 5 gm/L | PMRSDJ 5,217,1985 |
| morphological transform | oral/hamster | 750 mg/kg | EVHPAZ 45,119,1982 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 4 mg/L | PMRSDJ 5,665,1985 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 2.5 mg/L/7D | MUREAV 698,6,2010 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 0.01 pph/21D (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 35,300,2000 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 4905 mg/L/16H | MUTAEX 20,105,2004 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 40 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | PMRSDJ 5,569,1985 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 1541 mg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step) | PMRSDJ 5,271,1985 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 5 mg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | EVHPAZ 45,119,1982 |
| other mutation test systems | oral/mouse | 1 gm/kg | MUREAV 343,157,1995 |
| other mutation test systems | intraperitoneal/mouse | 2000 mg/kg | MUREAV 747,164,2012 |
| other mutation test systems | oral/rat | 0.72 gm/kg/4W- intermittent | MUREAV 834,51,2018 |
| phage inhibition capacity | /Escherichia coli | 50 µg/well | MUREAV 260,349,1991 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | liver/hamster | 50 mg/L | PMRSDJ 5,397,1985 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 25 mg/L | SCIEAS 236,933,1987 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 50 µmol/L | MUREAV 211,77,1989 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 200 mmol/L/48H | MUREAV 222,359,1989 |
| sperm morphology | oral/rat | 1 pph/60D-continuous | EVHPAZ 65,343,1986 |
| sperm morphology | oral/rat | 15 gm/kg/30D- intermittent | FCTOD7 90,64,2016 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/mouse | 202 gm/kg/40W-continuous | TXAPA9 96,494,1988 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | liver/rat | 500 µmol/L | PMRSDJ 5,371,1985 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 670 mg/kg | PAACA3 27,148,1986 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | 6 mL/kg (3-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2 mL/kg (3D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 2 mL/kg (6D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 4 mL/kg (3-6D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 6 gm/kg (3-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | JDSCAE 55,696,1972 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 10 gm/kg (5-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | JPMSAE 61,51,1972 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 5 gm/kg (5-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JPMSAE 61,51,1972 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 1 gm/kg (10D male) | Reproductive: Other effects on male | TXAPA9 62,121,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 6 gm/kg (3-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 30 gm/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | EVHPAZ 65,255,1986 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 25560 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | EVHPAZ 3,81,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 12780 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | EVHPAZ 3,81,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 12780 µg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | TXAPA9 29,35,1974 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 24 gm/kg (7-9D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion | ARTODN 56,263,1985 |
| intravenous/mouse | 50 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | NTIS** PB250-102 |
| intravenous/mouse | 350 mg/kg (7D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** PB250-102 |
| intravenous/mouse | 15 mg/kg (3-5D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** PB250-102 |
| intravenous/mouse | 5 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | NTIS** PB250-102 |
| oral/guinea pig | 20 gm/kg (10D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | EVHPAZ 45,77,1982 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | 20 gm/kg (10D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | EVHPAZ 45,77,1982 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | 509 gm/kg (60W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXCYAC 6,341,1976 |
| oral/mouse | 8400 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ENVRAL 22,245,1980 |
| oral/mouse | 49.2 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TOLED5 4,113,1979 |
| oral/mouse | 98.4 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TOLED5 4,113,1979 |
| oral/mouse | 984.6 mg/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | TOLED5 4,113,1979 |
| oral/rat | 72000 mg/kg (60D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | EVHPAZ 65,343,1986 |
| oral/rat | 66000 mg/kg (14D prior to copulation/0-7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/mouse | 1 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOLED5 189,40,2009 |
| oral/rat | 1290 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | NRTXDN 31,747,2010 |
| oral/rat | 1110 mg/kg (1D preg-15D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NRTXDN 33,78,2012 |
| oral/mouse | 4701 mg/kg (28D male/4W pre-2D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | TXCYAC 289,1,2011 |
| oral/mouse | 9768 mg/kg (28D male/4W pre-3W pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | TXCYAC 289,1,2011 |
| oral/rat | 10.75 mg/kg (0D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOLED5 212,212,2012 |
| oral/mouse | 74 mg/kg (4W male/4W pre-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TXCYAC 309,52,2013 |
| oral/mouse | 3440 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOLED5 228,235,2014 |
| oral/rat | 5700 mg/kg (14-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TXAPA9 266,95,2013 |
| oral/mouse | 9000 mg/kg (13D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Immune and reticuloendothelial system | TXAPA9 274,402,2013 |
| oral/mouse | 22 mg/kg (1-12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | TXAPA9 307,123,2016 |
| oral/mouse | 2.1 mg/kg (0-21D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | TXAPA9 322,113,2017 |
| oral/mouse | 8 mg/kg (6-13D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | TOLED5 259,69,2016 |
| oral/mouse | 78880 mg/kg (6-13D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | TCMUD8 7,29,1987 |
| oral/mouse | 4200 mg/kg (21D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | OKEHDW 15,129,1977 |
| oral/mouse | 1 gm/kg (7D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | EVHPAZ 45,71,1982 |
| oral/mouse | 2040 mg/kg (1-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | NTIS** PB85-105674 |
| oral/mouse | 2040 mg/kg (1-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Eye, ear Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system | TJADAB 27,84A,1983 |
| oral/rat | 7140 mg/kg (1-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXAPA9 26,253,1973 |
| oral/rat | 35 mg/kg (14D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | FCTXAV 15,389,1977 |
| oral/rat | 6 gm/kg (3D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | ARTODN 59,290,1986 |
| oral/rat | 17200 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | NEZAAQ 31,507,1976 |
| oral/rat | 10 gm/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | IJEBA6 27,885,1989 |
| oral/rat | 9766 mg/kg (12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TJADAB 35,41,1987 |
| oral/rat | 137 mL/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | FCTOD7 36,963,1998 |
| oral/mouse | 1.6 gm/kg (17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | NTIS** #PB88204300 |
| oral/mouse | 1.6 gm/kg (17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #PB88204300 |
| oral/mouse | 2.04 gm/kg (1-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | NTIS** #PB85-105674 |
| oral/mouse | 2.04 gm/kg (1-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | NTIS** #PB85-105674 |
| oral/rat | 10 gm/kg (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #PB85-105658 |
| oral/rat | 11.46 gm/kg (20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NTIS** #87119046 |
| oral/rat | 20 gm/kg (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | NTIS** #PB85-105658 |
| oral/rat | 6260 mg/kg (20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** #87119046 |
| oral/rat | 9.6 gm/kg (8D preg-17D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 72,283,2003 |
| oral/rat | 3.2 gm/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 72,283,2003 |
| oral/rat | 352 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | TOXID9 72,283,2003 |
| oral/rat | 1 gm/kg (12-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | BIREBV 65,1252,2001 |
| oral/rat | 30.8 gm/kg (3-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | EVHPAZ 109,229,2001 |
| oral/rat | 61.5 gm/kg (3-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | EVHPAZ 109,229,2001 |
| oral/rat | 123 gm/kg (3-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | EVHPAZ 109,229,2001 |
| oral/mouse | 1.6 gm/kg (33D male/33D prior to copulation/22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | FCTOD7 40,1499,2002 |
| oral/mouse | 15 gm/kg (33D male/33D pre-4D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | FCTOD7 40,1499,2002 |
| oral/mouse | 27 gm/kg (33D male/33D pre-4W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4) | FCTOD7 40,1499,2002 |
| oral/mouse | 0.06 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | FCTOD7 40,1499,2002 |
| oral/mouse | 1692 mg/kg (4W prior to copulation/1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratio | FCTOD7 41,1429,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 1008 mg/kg (4W male) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratio | FCTOD7 41,1429,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 2.7 gm/kg (4W male/ 4W pre-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Sex ratio | FCTOD7 41,1429,2003 |
| oral/rat | 4500 mg/kg (7-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system | REPTED 17,475,2003 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),272,2003 |
| oral/rat | 4500 mg/kg (7-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 18,53,2004 |
| oral/rat | 11.3 gm/kg (7-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | REPTED 18,53,2004 |
| oral/rat | 418 mg/kg (4W male/4W prior to copulation/0-3W pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | TXAPA9 197,231,2004 |
| oral/rat | 2 gm/kg (4W male/4W prior to copulation/0-3W pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXAPA9 197,231,2004 |
| oral/rat | 2090 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | TXAPA9 197,231,2004 |
| oral/rat | 3300 mg/kg (8-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,355,2005 |
| oral/rat | 6750 mg/kg (8-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 44,355,2005 |
| oral/mouse | 109.2 gm/kg (13W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Other effects on male | TOXID9 78,353,2004 |
| oral/rat | 500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 78,282,2004 |
| oral/rat | 28.5 mg/kg (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | TOXID9 90,74,2006 |
| oral/rat | 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOXID9 90,316,2006 |
| oral/rat | 570 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Germ cell effects (in offspring) | TOXID9 228,85,2006 |
| oral/rat | 190 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 228,85,2006 |
| oral/rat | 1.71 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TOXID9 228,85,2006 |
| oral/rat | 15390 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | TOXID9 229,114,2007 |
| oral/rat | 1500 mg/kg (7-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TXCYAC 223,144,2006 |
| oral/rat | 2295 mg/kg (6D preg-1D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects | TXCYAC 225,64,2006 |
| oral/rat | 2.3 mg/kg (6D preg-1D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TXCYAC 225,64,2006 |
| oral/rat | 11745 mg/kg (6D preg-13D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TXCYAC 225,64,2006 |
| oral/rat | 190 mg/kg (6D preg-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | TXCYAC 225,64,2006 |
| oral/rat | 8000 mg/kg (7-14D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JTSCDR 30,175,2005 |
| oral/rat | 3000 mg/kg (7-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | JTSCDR 30,175,2005 |
| oral/rat | 12000 mg/kg (7-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | JTSCDR 30,175,2005 |
| oral/rat | 5000 mg/kg (7-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JTSCDR 30,175,2005 |
| oral/rat | 30000 mg/kg (0-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | ARTODN 81,57,2007 |
| oral/rat | 570 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TOSCF2 91,247,2006 |
| oral/rat | 0.765 mg/kg (6-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other neonatal measures or effects | TOSCF2 91,247,2006 |
| oral/rat | 2295 mg/kg (6-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TOSCF2 91,247,2006 |
| oral/rat | 46.17 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | TOSCF2 91,247,2006 |
| oral/rat | 21.5 gm/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | HETOEA 25,297,2006 |
| oral/rat | 21.5 gm/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | HETOEA 25,297,2006 |
| oral/rat | 4300 mg/kg (1-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | HETOEA 25,297,2006 |
| oral/rat | 585 mg/kg (6-22D preg/22D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006 |
| oral/rat | 5265 mg/kg (6-22D preg/22D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006 |
| oral/rat | 15390 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006 |
| oral/rat | 2430 mg/kg (6-22D preg/1D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Other postnatal measures or effects | NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006 |
| oral/rat | 190 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006 |
| oral/rat | 570 mg/kg (6-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),100,2006 |
| oral/rat | 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TOLED5 170,177,2007 |
| oral/rat | 3750 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TOLED5 170,177,2007 |
| oral/rat | 4800 mg/kg (6-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical | TERP2* -,367,2005 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 2970 mg/kg (3D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | JTEHD6 16,71,1985 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 19722 mg/kg (3D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | JTEHD6 26,39,1989 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 1972 mg/kg (3D male) | Reproductive: Other effects on male | JTEHD6 26,39,1989 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 9861 mg/kg (3D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | JTEHD6 26,39,1989 |
| unreported route/rat | 2500 mg/kg (14-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Endocrine system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 -,10,2008 |
| unreported route/rat | 1375 mg/kg (14D preg-3D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TOXID9 -,37,2009 |
| unreported route/rat | 41250 mg/kg (14D preg-3D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | TOXID9 60,225,2001 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 260 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 519 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 120 gm/kg/24W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | CRNGDP 4,1021,1983 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 262 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | EVHPAZ 65,271,1986 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 98.5 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria | TOSCF2 58,377,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 519120 mg/kg/103W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB82-184011 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 259560 mg/kg/103W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB82-184011 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 32760 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | JTPAE7 29,458,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 519120 mg/kg/103W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB82-184011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 432600 mg/kg/103W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB82-184011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 216 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Endocrine: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 438 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | CALEDQ 38,15,1987 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 91 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | TOSCF2 50,195,1999 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 430.8 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 524 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | EVHPAZ 65,271,1986 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 433 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 38,41,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, embryonic cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >500 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity (prelabeled cells): release of radioactive isotopes ([51Cr], [3H]-thymidine, [3H]-proline, [35S]- or [75Se]-methionine, 5-[125I]-2-deoxy-uridine) or fluorescent dyes (bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) or calcein-AM) | TIVIEQ 38,41,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/48H | Endocrine: Estrogenic | TOLED5 217,50,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.28 µmol/L/24H | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 268,309,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 65,105,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 40,66,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/2H | Endocrine: Other changes | TIVIEQ 40,66,2017 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 250 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 234 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 100 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 234 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | TIVIEQ 25,2010,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 62.5 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 59,325,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 125 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 59,325,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 62.5 µmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 59,325,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 62.5 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 59,325,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 280,190,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXAPA9 280,190,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 65,105,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 30,281,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 30,281,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | TIVIEQ 30,281,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 30,281,2015 |
| In Vitro/jrc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/3W | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 248,111,2010 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 217,50,2013 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/24H | Endocrine: Other changes | TOLED5 232,376,2015 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: >50 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 232,376,2015 |
| In Vitro/jti | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 49,1565,2011 |
| In Vitro/mkc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/96H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | TXAPA9 284,42,2015 |
| In Vitro/mkc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/48H | Endocrine: Androgenic Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 284,42,2015 |
| In Vitro/mkc | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/72H | Endocrine: Estrogenic | TXAPA9 284,42,2015 |
| In Vitro/Monkey, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 30,281,2015 |
| In Vitro/Monkey, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 30,281,2015 |
| In Vitro/Monkey, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 30,281,2015 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 600 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell growth: Colony formation | TIVIEQ 1,49,1987 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 206,245,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TOLED5 206,245,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 206,245,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 206,245,2011 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neuroblastom | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 206,245,2011 |
| In Vitro/mtd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXAPA9 258,288,2012 |
| In Vitro/mtd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/96H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 258,288,2012 |
| In Vitro/mti | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.001 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 248,52,2010 |
| In Vitro/mti | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXAPA9 248,52,2010 |
| In Vitro/mti | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 3 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 248,52,2010 |
| In Vitro/mti | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay | TOLED5 196S,S163,2010 |
| In Vitro/mti | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 196S,S163,2010 |
| In Vitro/mtj | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | ETOPFR 44,18,2016 |
| In Vitro/Non-mammalian species, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.05 nmol/L/4D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,84,2013 |
| In Vitro/nta | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/96H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOLED5 217,50,2013 |
| In Vitro/pqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,250,2013 |
| In Vitro/pqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TIVIEQ 27,250,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, myocard | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mg/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents | TXCYAC 279,54,2011 |
| In Vitro/Rat, myocard | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mg/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Membrane currents In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | TXCYAC 279,54,2011 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXAPA9 280,190,2014 |
| In Vitro/Rat, testis | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/8H | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 36,210,2016 |
| In Vitro/Rat, testis | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 36,210,2016 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m3/50M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TXCYAC 235,119,2007 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TPKVAL 15,123,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TPKVAL 15,123,1979 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 14000 mg/kg | MUREAV 747,164,2012 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 177,20,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14 gm/kg | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Behavioral: Excitement | JPMSAE 55,158,1966 |
| intraperitoneal/rabbit | Lethal dose: >31 mL/kg | AMIHAB 13,259,1956 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2 mL/kg | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30700 mg/kg | JIHTAB 27,130,1945 | |
| intratracheal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Blood: Hemorrhage | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1060 mg/kg | NTIS** PB250-102 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | TXAPA9 45,230,1978 |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 26 gm/kg | IMEMDT 29,269,1982 | |
| oral/man | lowest published toxic dose: 143 mg/kg | Gastrointestinal: Other changes | JIHTAB 27,130,1945 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),384,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 40 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXCYAC 194,35,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1500 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes | TPKVAL 2,59,1961 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 984.6 mg/kg | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOLED5 4,113,1979 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 29.5 gm/kg | TOLED5 4,113,1979 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1150 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes | TOXID9 -,217,2009 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 34 gm/kg | EVHPAZ 4,3,1973 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 gm/kg | NPIRI* 2,32,1975 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TXAPA9 200,103,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 1,72,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOLED5 173,107,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | MUREAV 751,73,2013 |
| skin/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 gm/kg | EVHPAZ 4,3,1973 | |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 220 gm/kg | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | JOETD7 115,25,2008 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kg | Skin and Appendages: Other glands | GISAAA 45(6),35,1980 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 gm/kg | JIHTAB 27,130,1945 | |
| skin/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kg | Skin and Appendages: Other glands | GISAAA 45(6),35,1980 |
| unreported route/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40500 mg/kg | GTPZAB 32(7),52,1988 | |
| unreported route/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 gm/kg | GTPZAB 32(7),52,1988 | |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 47 gm/kg | GTPZAB 32(7),52,1988 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 13 mg/m3/14W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 235,119,2007 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/6H/24D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOSCF2 93,164,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/6H/8D- intermittent | Reproductive: Other effects on female | TOSCF2 93,164,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/6H/63D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | TOSCF2 93,164,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/6H/20D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Estrogenic Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOSCF2 93,164,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/6H/20D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOSCF2 93,164,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3/63D- intermittent | Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | TOXID9 90,24,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 940 mg/m3/6H/4W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | FCTOD7 30,915,1992 |
| intramuscular/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOLED5 23,67,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 11111.2 µg/kg/8D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response | TOLED5 170,223,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10500 mg/kg/6W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Peritonitis Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JPMSAE 55,158,1966 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Conditioned vitamin deficiency Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | IJEBA6 36,264,1998 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mL/kg/10D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ENVRAL 12,131,1976 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 mL/kg/10D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ENVRAL 12,131,1976 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6 mL/kg/7D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | EVHPAZ 3,91,1973 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6.25 gm/kg/5D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic | BECTA6 21,65,1979 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 24500 mg/kg/49D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | FCTOD7 103,157,2017 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52500 mg/kg/15W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens | FCTOD7 103,157,2017 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6300 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | IJTOFN 22,159,2003 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in spleen Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, irritative Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | IJTOFN 22,159,2003 |
| intravenous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | EVHPAZ 65,237,1986 |
| oral/domestic bird | lowest published toxic dose: 384 mg/kg/30D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | BECTA6 25,345,1980 |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOLED5 40,209,1988 |
| oral/hamster | lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 72,46,1984 |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published toxic dose: 509 gm/kg/60W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXCYAC 6,341,1976 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 227500 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ENVRAL 78,43,1998 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/60W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOXID9 72,384,2003 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 221.7 gm/kg/454D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TXAPA9 197,229,2004 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 227500 mg/kg/65W- intermittent | Endocrine: Estrogenic Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | JTEHF8 69,1651,2006 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 227500 mg/kg/65W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | JTEHF8 69,1651,2006 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on mitochondrial function | JTPAE7 21,73,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13671.7 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Multiple effects Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ARTODN 81,219,2007 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6072 mg/kg/46D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TXCYAC 289,1,2011 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2737 mg/kg/46D- continuous | Liver: Other changes | TXCYAC 289,1,2011 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | FCTOD7 71,272,2014 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 460 mg/kg/46D- continuous | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TXCYAC 309,52,2013 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 840 µg/kg/28D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Uncharacterized (multiple organ involvement) | TXCYAC 324,88,2014 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24000 mg/kg/10D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | BCPCA6 36,4221,1987 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | TOXID9 60,297,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/48D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TOXID9 60,297,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 15120 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 204,109,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 207,149,2005 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 109.2 gm/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 78,353,2004 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2.52 gm/kg/7D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10.08 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 7 gm/kg/1W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXCYAC 191,211,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 323 mg/kg/17D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #87119046 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1440 mg/kg/12D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB85-105674 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2040 mg/kg/17D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | NTIS** #PB85-105674 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4250 mg/kg/17D- continuous | Behavioral: Sleep Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | NTIS** #PB85-105674 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 6720 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | BCPCA6 62,249,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 921.7 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOSCF2 58,377,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1061.6 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in uterine weight | TOSCF2 58,377,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 212.7 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOSCF2 58,377,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 691.3 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOSCF2 58,377,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 796.2 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TOSCF2 58,377,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 193.4 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli | TOSCF2 58,377,2000 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TOLED5 40,209,1988 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 33852 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-217,1982 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 403 gm/kg/40W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXAPA9 96,494,1988 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 213 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTIS** OTS0559217 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 60480 mg/kg/12W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,458,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 32760 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | JTPAE7 29,458,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 32760 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | JTPAE7 29,458,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 131040 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | JTPAE7 29,458,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 131040 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 29,458,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 131040 mg/kg/26W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | JTPAE7 29,458,2001 |
| oral/pig | lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes | REPTED 21,160,2006 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | LPDSAP 13,673,1978 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 30 gm/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOLED5 40,209,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | NTIS** OTS0530399 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | VHTODE 37,310,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 139 gm/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | AMIHBC 8,219,1953 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 17500 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 61,205,1981 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 59388 mg/kg/6W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTXAV 15,389,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 168 gm/kg/17W- continuous | Blood: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTXAV 15,389,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 19796 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | FCTXAV 15,389,1977 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25200 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | TXAPA9 77,116,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | TOLED5 66,317,1993 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | TOLED5 121,35,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.52 gm/kg/7D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 143.6 gm/kg/182D- continuous | Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 287.2 gm/kg/364D- continuous | Blood: Normocytic anemia Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 170.8 gm/kg/182D- continuous | Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 26.7 gm/kg/182D- continuous | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4.2 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21.04 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 106.7 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 132.3 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 683.2 gm/kg/104W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TOSCF2 55,433,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | ATSUDG 4,452,1980 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42000 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: CoA | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Liver: Other changes | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4200 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Effect on specific coenzyme: CoA | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54800 mg/kg/274D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21000 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10153 mg/kg/13D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1338 mg/kg/3D- continuous | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/3D- continuous | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Blood: Other changes | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Blood: Other changes | EVHPAZ 70,195,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28 gm/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ENVRAL 36,160,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 36000 mg/kg/12D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 128,216,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 16000 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle | TXAPA9 128,216,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6000 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | TXAPA9 128,216,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes | TXAPA9 128,216,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | EVHPAZ 65,237,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 23800 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | EVHPAZ 65,237,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TXAPA9 95,104,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2500 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 95,104,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 95,104,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 95,104,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXAPA9 95,104,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXAPA9 95,104,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/6W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | EVHPAZ 65,343,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | EVHPAZ 65,343,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 72000 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | EVHPAZ 65,343,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18000 mg/kg/60D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | EVHPAZ 65,343,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | EVHPAZ 65,343,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | EVHPAZ 65,229,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | EVHPAZ 65,229,1986 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ATSUDG 12,85,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6000 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | TXAPA9 128,216,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.52 gm/kg/7D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2.1 gm/kg/7D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10.08 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cytochrome oxidases (indlucing oxidative phosphrylation) | EVHPAZ 110,363,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6260 mg/kg/20D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #87119046 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11460 mg/kg/20D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #87119046 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5040 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Estrogenic Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | IJCNAW 58,736,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10080 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Estrogenic Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | IJCNAW 58,736,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 20160 mg/kg/16W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Endocrine: Estrogenic | IJCNAW 58,736,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg/4D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB85-105658 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/20D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Liver: Changes in liver weight Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | NTIS** #PB85-105658 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | PHTOEH 65,265,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | TOLED5 76,63,1995 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | FCTOD7 42,107,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | FCTOD7 42,107,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 38304 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hyperfunction | REPTED 16,709,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 38304 mg/kg/21D- continuous | Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | REPTED 16,709,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18240 mg/kg/10D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | REPTED 16,709,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 134.4 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Other changes | TOXID9 72,235,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8000 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | EVHPAZ 111,139,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9000 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Endocrine: Estrogenic Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | EVHPAZ 111,139,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6836 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TXAPA9 197,229,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | BIREBV 65,1252,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in gonadotropins Endocrine: Androgenic | BIREBV 65,1252,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13500 mg/kg/18D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | EVHPAZ 109,229,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6 gm/kg/3D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals | TXCYAC 171,105,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/7D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TXCYAC 171,105,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1250 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Liver function tests impaired | TXAPA9 197,231,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXCYAC 208,115,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2000 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TXCYAC 208,115,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8.4 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | LPDSAP 13,673,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12600 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | REPTED 21,253,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52500 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 21,253,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg/2D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands | REPTED 22,77,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4 gm/kg/2D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | REPTED 22,77,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/7D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 22,77,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases | ARTODN 77,446,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ARTODN 77,446,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOXID9 1,72,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9350.32 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | REPTED 22,411,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 45594.08 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 22,411,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TERP2* -,310,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6300 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | IJTOFN 22,159,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 11400 mg/kg/19D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | IJTOFN 22,159,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | IJTOFN 22,159,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8000 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTSCDR 30,175,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1.71 mg/kg/38D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TOSCF2 91,247,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15390 mg/kg/38D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | TOSCF2 91,247,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15 gm/kg/30D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 90,64,2016 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.25 mg/kg/15W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TXAPA9 316,17,2017 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TXCYAC 306,9,2013 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Endocrine: Change in LH | TOLED5 215,84,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/35D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes | TOLED5 215,84,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | TOLED5 215,84,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 13671.7 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Multiple effects Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | ARTODN 81,219,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6300 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOLED5 173,107,2007 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 85085 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight | MOCAE8 42,9,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60480 mg/kg/12W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases | TOLED5 178,110,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4200 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Changes in ovarian weight | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 14000 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42000 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in pituitary weight | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8400 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 22000 mg/kg/22D- intermittent | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28000 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands Liver: Changes in liver weight Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes | JTSCDR 34,SP111,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Endocrine: Androgenic Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other carbohydrates | TXAPA9 257,155,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3000 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TXAPA9 257,155,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2800 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Endocrine: Hyperglycemia | TXAPA9 257,155,2011 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 30000 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXCYAC 244,231,2008 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | JTEHD6 26,39,1989 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2300 mg/kg/2D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | TOXID9 60,205,2001 |
| unreported route/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3450 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight | TXCYAC 213,223,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive: Paternal effects: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands Related to Chronic Data: Changes in prostate weight | TOXID9 44,281,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOXID9 44,281,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 18900 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Endocrine: Other changes Endocrine: Changes in adrenal weight | TOXID9 44,281,2005 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 77,564,2000 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 101,260,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 77,564,2000 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 3 | IMEMDT 77,564,2000 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 101,260,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EVHPAZ 3,73,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RREVAH 54,1,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JJOMDZ 15,808,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ESKHA5 (93),1,1975 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 45,1,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 9,141,1982 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JJATDK 8,75,1988 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FAATDF 13,747,1989 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 16,679,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 197,178,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BPCEM* 16,105,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,733,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 36,695,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BCLPT* 96,131,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,124,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 22,291,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 17,69,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTPAE7 20,197,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,649,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 672,10,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTOPA* 1,501,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 53,90,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTSCDR 34,SP1,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 590,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 682,94,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FESTAS 90,911,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 705,165,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 705,184,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,327,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,363,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 653,99,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 728,107,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 285,83,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 750,141,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 751,82,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 38,1,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 34,298,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 254,86,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 764-765,46,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 764-765,36,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 201,152,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 202,36,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 49,117,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 41,112,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 307,35,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 311,41,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 786-788,14,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 261,227,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 767,67,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 795,7,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETOX* 48,21,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 86,298,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,25,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 55,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JOETD7 176,135,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 65,76,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 54,141,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 57,579,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 265,106,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENVIN* 94,758,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 832-833,7,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 81,140,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 81,147,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,251,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | SFDRA* 38,523,2016 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION | FEREAC 54,7740,1989 | |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES | Cancelled | RBREV* -,270,1998 |
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | DTLVS* 3,96,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 5 mg/m3;KZW 50 mg/m3, inhal, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 5 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 10 mg/m3, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 40 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, carc, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 5 mg/m3, 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3; short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 1 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 5 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 3 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 5 mg/m3, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 5 mg/m3, inhal, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO DEHP-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 5 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code M0347; Number of Industries 164; Total Number of Facilities 19879; Number of Occupations 116; Total Number of Employees Exposed 340800; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 106918 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code M0347; Number of Industries 222; Total Number of Facilities 33723; Number of Occupations 126; Total Number of Employees Exposed 332356 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/93/182400/AS) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro SCE-nonhuman | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Rodent dominant lethal | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9120 | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (feed);clear evidence:mouse,rat | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 5020 | |
| NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis studies; on test (prechronic studies), October 2000 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #104 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health