Maleic anhydride
RTECS #
ON3675000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
98.06
Molecular Formula
C4H2O3
Synonyms
2,5-Furandione
Anhydrid kyseliny maleinove (Czech)
cis-Butenedioic anhydride
Maleic acid anhydride
Maleic anhydride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Maleinanhydrid (Czech)
RCRA waste number U147
Toxilic anhydride
Anhydrid kyseliny maleinove (Czech)
cis-Butenedioic anhydride
Maleic acid anhydride
Maleic anhydride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Maleinanhydrid (Czech)
RCRA waste number U147
Toxilic anhydride
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 1% | severe | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 230 mg/L | GMCRDC 27,95,1981 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/rat | 4060 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | FAATDF 7,359,1986 |
| oral/rat | 1400 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** OTS0555583 |
| oral/rat | 150 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | NTIS** OTS0555583 |
| oral/rat | 12000 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Other effects on female | HPV041 -,-,2002 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1220 mg/kg/61W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | BJCAAI 17,100,1963 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 658.0 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc. | TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 2.65 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 30,274,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, lung fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5040 µmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,209,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, monocyte | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1800 mg/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1233,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 mg/well/3M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 28,616,2014 |
| In Vitro/Human, skin | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 0.5 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1127,2013 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 187.9 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 28,626,2014 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 97 mg/kg | 85GMAT -,79,1982 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 390 mg/kg | 85GMAT -,79,1982 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 465 mg/kg | GTPZAB 13(4),42,1969 | |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 875 mg/kg | 85GMAT -,79,1982 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | IAEC** 17JUN1974 | |
| skin/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >20 gm/kg | IAEC** 17JUN1974 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2620 mg/kg | TXAPA9 42,417,1977 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/hamster | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/24W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | HPV041 -,-,2002 |
| inhalation/monkey | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/24W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | HPV041 -,-,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 500 µg/m3/5D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in humoral response | TOXID9 60,173,2001 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/24W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | HPV041 -,-,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 9800 µg/m3/6H/26W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in spleen Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FAATDF 10,517,1988 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5760 mg/kg/24W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | HPV041 -,-,2002 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 686 mg/kg/13D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Hypersensitivity delayed (multiple organ involvement) | JJATDK 20,221,2000 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response | JJATDK 20,221,2000 |
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Skin: After topical application: Cutaneous sensitization (experimental) | TXCYAC 193,191,2003 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.01 mg/m3 (inhal, vapor, sen) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 85CVA2 5,250,1970 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,148,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3);KZW 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), sen, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.41 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.41 mg/m3), ceiling concentration 0.2 ppm (0.81 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VLE 1 mg/m3, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 0.1 ppm (0.41 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 0.4 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.4 mg/m3, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), sen, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), Occupational Exposure Limit-continuous 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), a2 sen, s2 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), sen, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1.0 mng/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.3 ppm (1.2 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 0.6 ppm (2.5 mg/m3), Sen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 0.4 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 1 mg/m3; short term exposure limit 3 mg/m3, sen, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 0.25 ppm | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 0.25 ppm (1 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 0.25 ppm | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO MALEIC ANHYDRIDE-air | 10H time-weighted average 0.25 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 43660; Number of Industries 65; Total Number of Facilities 5924; Number of Occupations 69; Total Number of Employees Exposed 81551; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 14807 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 43660; Number of Industries 51; Total Number of Facilities 5310; Number of Occupations 69; Total Number of Employees Exposed 71386 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Maleic anhydride, 3512 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #25 | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #86 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health