Furan, tetrahydro-
RTECS #
LU5950000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
72.12
Molecular Formula
C4H8O
Synonyms
1,4-Epoxybutane
Agrisynth THF
Butane, 1,4-epoxy-
Butane, alpha,delta-oxide
Cyclotetramethylene oxide
Diethylene oxide
Furanidine
NCI-C60560
Oxacyclopentane
Oxolane
RCRA waste number U213
Tetrahydrofuraan (Dutch)
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (ACGIH:OSHA)
Tetrahydrofuranne (French)
Tetraidrofurano (Italian)
Tetramethylene oxide
Agrisynth THF
Butane, 1,4-epoxy-
Butane, alpha,delta-oxide
Cyclotetramethylene oxide
Diethylene oxide
Furanidine
NCI-C60560
Oxacyclopentane
Oxolane
RCRA waste number U213
Tetrahydrofuraan (Dutch)
Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (ACGIH:OSHA)
Tetrahydrofuranne (French)
Tetraidrofurano (Italian)
Tetramethylene oxide
Mutation Data and Reference
System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 1 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | GTPZAB 26(1),43,1982 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
inhalation/rat | 5000 ppm/6H (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | FAATDF 18,255,1992 |
inhalation/mouse | 1800 ppm/6H (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | FAATDF 18,255,1992 |
oral/rat | 3500 mg/kg (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #DE89-001383/LL |
oral/mouse | 2592 mg/kg (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #DE89-001383/LL |
oral/mouse | 2592 mg/kg (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** #DE89-001383/LL |
oral/rat | 153 gm/kg (91D male/91D pre-7D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | FCTOD7 40,1515,2002 |
oral/rat | 1.125 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | FCTOD7 40,1515,2002 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-475,1998 |
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 113400 mg/kg/105W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB98-164544 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1800 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-475,1998 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 18900 mg/kg/105W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTIS** PB98-164544 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 372 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
In Vitro/Rabbit, ocular | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 pph/5M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 25,1425,2011 |
inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 25000 ppm | Behavioral: General anesthetic | 34ZIAG -,580,1969 |
inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 24000 mg/m3/2H | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Muscle weakness Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 19 gm/m3/2H | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Blood: Hemorrhage Blood: Changes in spleen | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rabbit | Lethal concentration: >1200 ppm/4H | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | SSEIBV 18,89,1982 |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 21000 ppm/3H | Behavioral: Sleep Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | SSEIBV 20,141,1984 |
inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 72 gm/m3/2H | TPKVAL 10,35,1968 | |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 8 gm/m3/2H | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 41 gm/m3/2H | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Gastrointestinal: Necrotic changes | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 106 gm/m3 | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TPKVAL 10,35,1968 |
inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 48 gm/m3 | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | TPKVAL 10,35,1968 |
intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | Liver: Fatty liver degeneration | AIHAAP 35,21,1974 |
intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 691.7 mg/kg | Behavioral: Ataxia | JTCTDW 41,692,2003 |
intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 487.8 mg/kg | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | JTCTDW 41,692,2003 |
intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1900 mg/kg | SAIGBL 24,373,1982 | |
intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2900 mg/kg | SAIGBL 24,373,1982 | |
ocular/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 100 pph | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Eye: Corneal damage Eye: Other eye effects | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2300 mg/kg | GISAAA 34(9),114,1969 | |
oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2.3 mL/kg | ENTOX* -,155,2005 | |
oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1650 mg/kg | GAFCC* | |
oral/rat | lethal dose (20 percent kill): 3000 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg | Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
oral/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 4000 mg/kg | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/6H/91D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hypoplasia Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight | FAATDF 14,338,1990 |
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/6H/14W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | NTPTR* NTP-TR-475,1998 |
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 7 gm/m3/20D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 7 gm/m3/30D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 7 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 15000 mg/m3/5D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | ARTODN 77,459,2003 |
inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 8 gm/m3/2H/60D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 6 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TPKVAL 10,35,1968 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 8 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Cardiac: Changes in coronary arteries Vascular: Structural changes in vessels | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/6H/27D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 255,11,2016 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.5 gm/m3/61D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.5 gm/m3/91D- intermittent | Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.5 gm/m3/0.5Y- intermittent | Vascular: Structural changes in vessels Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in pulmonary vascular resistance Blood: Changes in spleen | TPKVAL 5,21,1963 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/4H/12W- intermittent | Olfaction: Deviated nasal septum | SEEIAY 25,176,1981 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/6H/91D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count | FAATDF 14,338,1990 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/6H/18W- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | APTOA6 54,221,1984 |
inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5000 ppm/6H/14W- intermittent | Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight | NTPTR* NTP-TR-475,1998 |
oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 4550 mg/kg/17W- intermittent | Blood: Change in clotting factors Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GISAAA 32(2),99,1967 |
oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 3600 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTIS** #DE89-001383/LL |
oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2592 mg/kg/12D- intermittent | Behavioral: General anesthetic Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #DE89-001383/LL |
oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 7000 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TOLED5 276,138,2017 |
oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2100 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 276,138,2017 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 70000 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | TOLED5 255,11,2016 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 26280 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Liver: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | TOXID9 60,286,2001 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4550 mg/kg/17W- intermittent | Blood: Change in clotting factors Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | GISAAA 32(2),99,1967 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4900 mg/kg/7D- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 40,1515,2002 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #DE89-001383/LL |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10500 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes | MUREAV 746,144,2012 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 17500 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | TOLED5 255,11,2016 |
oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 17500 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOLED5 255,11,2016 |
Reviews
Organization | Standard | Reference |
---|---|---|
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 50 ppm;short term exposure limit 100 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,155,2005 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,49,2004 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,649,1996 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 286,1,2011 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,1877,2011 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 25,335,2010 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,247,2009 | |
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 60,20,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
Organization | Standard | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,252,1971 |
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 100 ppm (295 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);KZW 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 50 ppm (148 mg/m3), skin, MAY2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 150 mg/m3 (50 ppm);short term exposure limit 300 mg/m3 (100 ppm), skin, JUN2000 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), VLE 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), Skin, FEB2006 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), skin, 2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 150 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 300 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), MAY2012 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 250 ppm (735 mg/m3), 2006 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 250 ppm (735 mg/m3), 2004 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 100 ppm (295 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 250 ppm (737 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 600 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 750 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 100 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 80 ppm (250 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 50 ppm (150 mg/m3), KZG-week 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 300 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
Organization | Standard | Reference |
---|---|---|
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO TETRAHYDROFURAN-air | 10H time-weighted average 200 ppm;short term exposure limit 250 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 71695; Number of Industries 101; Total Number of Facilities 17866; Number of Occupations 83; Total Number of Employees Exposed 356038; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 47382 | |
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 71695; Number of Industries 72; Total Number of Facilities 4141; Number of Occupations 60; Total Number of Employees Exposed 95003 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health