Ethylene, chloro-

RTECS #

KU9625000

CAS #

75-01-4
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

62.50

Molecular Formula

C₂H₃Cl

Synonyms

Chloroethene
Chloroethylene
Chlorure de vinyle (French)
Cloruro di vinile (Italian)
Ethene, chloro-
Ethylene monochloride
Monochloroethene
Monochloroethylene
RCRA waste number U043
VCM
Vinile (cloruro di) (Italian)
Vinyl C monomer
Vinyl chloride
Vinyl chloride (ACGIH:OSHA)
Vinyl chloride monomer
Vinylchlorid (German)
Vinyle(chlorure de) (French)
Winylu chlorek (Polish)

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	HeLa cell/human	10 mmol/L	TXCYAC 9,21,1978
Cytogenetic Analysis	inhalation/rat	150 µg/m³/14W-continuous	GISAAA 43(7),111,1978
Cytogenetic Analysis	inhalation/hamster	12500 ppm/6H	ARTODN 45,1,1980
Cytogenetic Analysis	multiple/hamster	600 mg/kg	MUREAV 53,187,1978
Cytogenetic Analysis	lung/hamster	5 pph/6H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 652,122,2008
DNA adduct	oral/rat	18 gm/kg/2Y-continuous	CBINA8 22,211,1978
DNA Damage	inhalation/rat	205 ppm/5H	CBINA8 37,219,1981
DNA Damage	inhalation/human	7.15 µg/L/2H/12Y- intermittent	TOLED5 178,88,2008
DNA inhibition	intravenous/rat	9500 µg/kg	CBINA8 17,239,1977
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	100 µg/plate	MUREAV 54,101,1978
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	48 mmol/L/3H	MUREAV 40,85,1976
host-mediated assay	Saccharomyes cerevisiae/rat	1 pph/24H-continuous	MUREAV 91,381,1981
host-mediated assay	Schizosaccharomyces pombe/mouse	700 mg/kg	MUREAV 40,85,1976
host-mediated assay	Saccharomyes cerevisiae/mouse	700 mg/kg	TOERD9 3,131,1981
micronucleus test	embryo/hamster	30 pph	MUREAV 203,397,1988
micronucleus test	inhalation/mouse	5 pph/4H	MUREAV 75,191,1980
morphological transform	embryo/mouse	75 mg/L	CALEDQ 28,85,1985
morphological transform	inhalation/rat	2000 ppm/14W- intermittent	ARTODN 47,71,1981
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/human	7500 ppt	CRNGDP 18,31,1997
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	ovary/hamster	10 pph	EVSRBT 25,91,1982
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 pph	TOXID9 66,37,2002
mutation in microorganisms	lung/hamster	20 pph/5H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 67,173,1979
mutation in microorganisms	/Schizosaccharomyces pombe	16 mmol/L/30M (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 40,85,1976
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	2000 ppm/48H (+enzymatic activation step)	BBRCA9 63,363,1975
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 pph (-enzymatic activation step)	CBTOE2 1(3),159,1985
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	10600 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	BCPCA6 24,2013,1975
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	inhalation/Drosophila melanogaster	1 pph	MUREAV 57,307,1978
sister chromatid exchange	inhalation/hamster	12500 ppm/6H	ARTODN 45,1,1980
specific locus test	inhalation/Drosophila melanogaster	48500 ppm	CRNGDP 17,1083,1996
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	2100 µmol/L	CRNGDP 5,1629,1984

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/man	30 mg/m³ (5Y male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)	GTPZAB 24(5),28,1980
inhalation/rat	100 ppm/6H (26W male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	EESADV 10,281,1985
inhalation/rat	500 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	TXAPA9 33,134,1975
inhalation/rat	1500 ppm/24H (1-9D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)	TXCYAC 11,45,1978
inhalation/rat	500 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	EVHPAZ 41,171,1981
inhalation/rat	250 ppm/6H (55D prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)	JTEHD6 3,965,1977
inhalation/mouse	30000 ppm/6H (5D male)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)	EVHPAZ 21,71,1977
inhalation/mouse	500 ppm/7H (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	EVHPAZ 41,171,1981
inhalation/rabbit	500 ppm/7H (6-18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	EVHPAZ 41,171,1981

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/hamster	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/4H/30W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Lymphoma including Hodgkin's disease Skin and Appendages: Tumors	APDCDT 3,216,1976
inhalation/human	toxic concentration: 300 mg/m³/1W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood: Tumors	GTPZAB 26(1),28,1982
inhalation/man	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 ppm/14Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	VAPHDQ 372,195,1976
inhalation/mouse	toxic concentration: 50 ppm/47W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors	JTEHD6 4,15,1978
inhalation/mouse	toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	JTEHD6 7,909,1981
inhalation/mouse	toxic concentration: 50 ppm/4H/30W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	CSHCAL 4,119,1977
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 50 ppm/30W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	ANYAA9 271,431,1976
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 250 ppm/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Ear: Tumors Liver: Angiosarcoma	AANLAW 56,1,1974
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 5 ppm/4H/52W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	EVHPAZ 41,3,1981
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 50 ppm/6H/43W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	JTEHD6 7,909,1981
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 128 mg/m³/1Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Angiosarcoma	VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 77000 mg/m³/6M	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Musculoskeletal: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 50 ppm/7H/26W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	TXAPA9 68,120,1983
inhalation/rat	toxic concentration: 100 ppm/7H/26W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	TXAPA9 68,120,1983
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1 ppm/4H/52W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	EVHPAZ 41,3,1981
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/4H (12-18D pregnant)	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Endocrine: Tumors	CSHCAL 4,119,1977
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/65W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Gastrointestinal: Tumors	APDCDT 3,216,1976
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 3463 mg/kg/52W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	EVHPAZ 41,3,1981
oral/rat	toxic dose: 34 gm/kg/3Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Angiosarcoma Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	EVHPAZ 21,1,1977
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/67W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	APDCDT 3,216,1976

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 517000 mg/m³/1H	Behavioral: General anesthetic	VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1034000 mg/m³/4H		VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation/Dog	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 260000 mg/m³		VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 30 pph/30M	Behavioral: General anesthetic	AIHAAP 21,394,1960
inhalation/guinea pig	lowest published toxic concentration: 258000 mg/m³/90M	Behavioral: General anesthetic	VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1552000 mg/m³/18M		VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 1320 mg/m³/7H	Behavioral: Headache	VCVGH* -,421,1990
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 16000 mg/m³/5M	Ear: Change in acuity Behavioral: Headache Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting	VCVGH* -,421,1990
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	Lowest published lethal concentration: 200 ppm/18M		IPSTB3 3,93,1976
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 1056000 mg/m³/15M		VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 185000 mg/m³/1H		VCVGH* -,420,1990
inhalation/mouse	Lowest published lethal concentration: 20 pph/30M	Behavioral: General anesthetic	AIHAAP 21,394,1960
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 18 pph/15M	Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	HUTODJ 1,239,1982
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 500 mg/kg		DOWCC*

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 9 gm/m³/4H/22W- intermittent	Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP	GTPZAB 12(7),47,1968
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m³/26W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Blood: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Osteoporosis	GTPZAB 16(2),24,1972
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m³/4H/4W- intermittent	Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Musculoskeletal: Other changes	VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 900 mg/m³/8W- continuous	Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Vascular: Measurement of regional blood flow	VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1100 ppm/4W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other	TOXID9 60,158,2001
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1224 mg/m³/8W- intermittent	Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Behavioral: Aggression	TOVEFN (5),17,2008
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1224 mg/m³/4H/8W- intermittent	Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Behavioral: Aggression	TOVEFN -,17,2008
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 1220 mg/m³/4H/8W- intermittent	Brain and Coverings: Changes in circulation Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Fatty liver degeneration	TOVEFN -,23,2009
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m³/4H/20D- intermittent	Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above	VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m³/4H/18W- intermittent	Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)	VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 300 mg/m³/4H/28W- intermittent	Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic	VCVGH* -,422,1990
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m³/4H/26W- intermittent	Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Cardiac: EKG changes not diagnostic of above Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP	GTPZAB 16(2),24,1972
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 5000 ppm/7H/52W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight	TXCYAC 13,25,1979
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 400 mg/m³/24H/14W- continuous	Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Liver: Changes in liver weight	GISAAA 44(11),74,1979
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 28000 ppm/7H/6W- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases	TXAPA9 62,1,1982
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2000 ppm/8H/92D- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count	AIHAAP 24,265,1963
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/3D- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight	TXCYAC 249,176,2008
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 23400 mg/kg/13W- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	FCTXAV 13,633,1975

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 19,377,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 19,377,1979
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 100F,473,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 97,425,2008
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review: Group 1	IMEMDT 97,425,2008
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 100F,473,2012
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 97,425,2008
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 1	IMSUDL 7,373,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 1	IMEMDT 97,425,2008
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 1	IMEMDT 100F,473,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FAZMAE 18,365,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JTEHD6 1,47,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CHWEAP 70(28/29),5,1974
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CANCAR 39,1792,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 32,93,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ZHPMAT 166,113,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		BNYMAM 54,413,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ABMHAM 35,585,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CBINA8 22,117,1978
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		GTPZAB 20(4),46,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		VHTODE 22,31,1980
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 41,131,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 566,21,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 138,9,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,109,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 44,1699,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,546,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,438,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 531,1,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 531,217,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 658,124,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 19,169,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 659,202,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JTPAE7 18,69,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 544,313,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 608,136,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 180,100,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 636,36,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		IMEMDT 97,373,
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 243,180,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 22,83,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 26,33,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 727,1,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EMMUEG 50,68,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXCYAC 286,1,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 751,49,2012
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 49,2921,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 759,27,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 759,49,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 793,176,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 768,27,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 768,53,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 774,1,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 774,12,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 55,52,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 59,364,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 33,179,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 60,S1,2011

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 200 ppm (510 mg/m³)	DTLWS* 3,31,1973
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-ARAB Republic of Egypt	time-weighted average 2.5 mg/m³, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 5 ppm (13 mg/m³), Carcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	TRK-TMW 2 ppm (5 mg/m³);KZW 4 ppm (20 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 3 ppm (7.77 mg/m³), Carcinogen, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 1 ppm (3 mg/m³), skin, carc, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 1 ppm (2.59 mg/m³), C1 Carcinogen, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	ceiling concentration 10 mg/m³, Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 1 ppm (2.5 mg/m³), carc, skin, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	ceiling concentration 2.5 ppm (6.5 mg/m³), 1 carc, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 1 ppm, carcinogen, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 5 ppm (13 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 5 ppm (13 mg/m³), carcinogen, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 1 ppm (3 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 1 ppm (2.6 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 30 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 5 mg/m³, Carcinogen, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 1 ppm (2.5 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 5 ppm (13 mg/m³), Skin, Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 2 ppm (5.2 mg/m³), carc 1, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND	time-weighted average 1 ppm (2.8 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 7.77 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 50 ppm (100 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 500 ppm (1300 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 3 ppm (7.8 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1117	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 500 ppm (13 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-cancer suspect agent		CFRGBR 29,1910.1017,1987

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO VINYL CHLORIDE-air	Carcinogen lowest feasible concentration	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 76445; Number of Industries 63; Total Number of Facilities 3711; Number of Occupations 59; Total Number of Employees Exposed 81314; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 28398
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 76445; Number of Industries 22; Total Number of Facilities 1459; Number of Occupations 36; Total Number of Employees Exposed 29836

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101132/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: D melanogaster-reciprocal translocation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent dominant lethal; Mouse spot test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vivo cytogenetics-human lymphocyte; E coli polA with S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion; S pombe-forward mutation
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Vinyl chloride, 1007
NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 28, 1978
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Known to be a human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #04

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health