Ethane, hexachloro-
RTECS #
KI4025000
CAS #
Updated
March 2018
Molecular Weight
236.72
Molecular Formula
C2Cl6
Synonyms
1,1,1,2,2,2-Hexachloroethane
Avlothane
Carbon hexachloride
Distokal
Distopan
Distopin
Egitol
Ethane hexachloride
Ethylene hexachloride
Falkitol
Fasciolin
Hexachlor-aethan (German)
Hexachlorethane
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Hexachloroethylene
Mottenhexe
NCI-C04604
Perchloroethane
Phenohep
RCRA waste number U131
Avlothane
Carbon hexachloride
Distokal
Distopan
Distopin
Egitol
Ethane hexachloride
Ethylene hexachloride
Falkitol
Fasciolin
Hexachlor-aethan (German)
Hexachlorethane
Hexachloroethane
Hexachloroethane (ACGIH:OSHA)
Hexachloroethylene
Mottenhexe
NCI-C04604
Perchloroethane
Phenohep
RCRA waste number U131
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| other mutation test systems | oral/mouse | 1 gm/kg | MUREAV 343,157,1995 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 330 mg/L | EMMUEG 10(Suppl 10),1,1987 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/rat | 5500 mg/kg (6-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 230 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NCITR* NCI-TR-68,1978 |
| oral/mouse | toxic dose: 460 gm/kg/78W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NCITR* NCI-TR-68,1978 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10300 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTIS** PB90-170895/AS |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5150 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Adrenal cortex tumors | NTIS** PB90-170895/AS |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 10300 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): >100 µmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 28,46,2014 |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5900 ppm/8H | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4.5 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,392,1990 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 2900 mg/kg | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 | |
| intravenous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 325 mg/kg | QJPPAL 7,205,1934 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4970 mg/kg | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 | |
| oral/rabbit | Lethal dose: >1 gm/kg | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4460 mg/kg | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32 gm/kg | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 4 gm/kg | QJPPAL 7,205,1934 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/guinea pig | lowest published toxic concentration: 260 ppm/6H/6W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 260 ppm/6H/6W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 12 gm/kg/12D- continuous | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | AIHAAP 40,187,1979 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6944 mg/kg/16W- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | DCTODJ 8,155,1985 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 9 gm/kg/16D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | NTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 48750 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | NTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 1 ppm (skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 20,467,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 73,295,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 20,467,1979 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 73,295,1999 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 73,295,1999 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | AIHAAP 40(3),A46,1979 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXCYAC 196,1,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 627,59,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOPADD 33,517,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 26,13,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 682,94,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 653,99,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 795,7,2016 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) | DTLVS* 3,124,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (9.7 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 1 ppm (9.8 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), skin, carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (9.8 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 3 ppm (29 mg/m3), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 1 ppm, VLE 10 ppm, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 1 ppm (9.8 mg/m3), 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 1 ppm (9.7 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 1 ppm (9,7 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 10 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 30 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), KZG-week 2 ppm (20 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 10 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 1 ppm (10 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO HEXACHLOROETHANE-air | 8H Carcinogen time-weighted average 1 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 17385; Number of Industries 12; Total Number of Facilities 170; Number of Occupations 23; Total Number of Employees Exposed 8516; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 576 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 17385; Number of Industries 5; Total Number of Facilities 219; Number of Occupations 9; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1488 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101041/AS) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test; S cerevisiae-homozygosis | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, PROPOSED RULE | FEREAC 47,27009,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay (gavage);no evidence:rat | NCITR* NCI-TR-68,1978 |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:rat | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003 | |
| NIOSH CURRENT INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 27, 1978 | |
| NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);clear evidence:rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-361,1989 | |
| NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-45, October 2000 | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health