Disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)

RTECS #

JO1400000

CAS #

137-26-8; 12680-07-8; 12680-62-5; 39456-80-9; 66173-72-6; 93196-73-7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2018

Molecular Weight

240.44

Molecular Formula

C₆H₁₂N₂S₄

Synonyms

Accelerator thiuram
Aceto TETD
alpha,alpha'-Dithiobis(dimethylthio)formamide
Arasan
Arasan 42-S
Arasan 70
Arasan 75
Arasan-M
Arasan-SF
Arasan-SF-X
Aules
Bis((dimethylamino)carbonothioyl) disulphide
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulphide
Bis(dimethyl-thiocarbamoyl)-disulfid (German)
Bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide
Chipco thiram 75
Cyuram DS
Disolfuro di tetrametiltiourame (Italian)
Disulfure de tetramethylthiourame (French)
Ekagom TB
Falitiram
Fermide
Fernacol
Fernasan
Fernasan A
Fernide
Flo Pro T Seed Protectant
FMC 2070
Formamide, 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-dimethylthio-
Hermal
Hermat TMT
Heryl
Hexathir
Kregasan
Mercuram
Methyl thiram
Methyl thiuramdisulfide
Methyl tuads
Micropearls
N,N'-(Dithiodicarbonothioyl)bis(N-methylmethanamine)
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylthiuram disulfide
N,N-Tetramethylthiuram disulphide
Nobecutan
Nomersan
Normersan
Panoram 75
Polyram ultra
Pomarsol
Pomarsol forte
Pomasol
Puralin
Radothiram
RCRA waste number U244
Rezifilm
Royal TMTD
Sadoplon
Spotrete
Spotrete-F
SQ 1489
Tersan
Tersan 75
Tetramethyl thiurane disulfide
Tetramethyl thiurane disulphide
Tetramethyldiurane sulphite
Tetramethylenethiuram disulphide
Tetramethylthiocarbamoyldisulphide
Tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide
Tetramethylthioramdisulfide (Dutch)
Tetramethyl-thiram disulfid (German)
Tetramethylthiuram bisulfide
Tetramethylthiuram bisulphide
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide
Tetramethylthiuram disulphide
Tetramethylthiuran disulphide
Tetramethylthiurum disulfide
Tetramethylthiurum disulphide
Tetrapom
Tetrathiuram disulfide
Tetrathiuram disulphide
Thillate
Thimer
Thioknock
Thiosan
Thiotox (fungicide)
Thiram
Thiram (ACGIH:OSHA)
Thiram 75
Thiram B
Thiramad
Thirame (French)
Thirasan
Thiulix
Thiurad
Thiuram
Thiuram D
Thiuram disulfide, tetramethyl-
Thiuram M
Thiuram M rubber accelerator
Thiuramin
Thiuramyl
Thylate
Tigam
Tirampa
Tiuram (Polish)
Tiuramyl
TMTD
TMTDS
Trametan
Tridipam
Tripomol
Tuads
TUEX
Tulisan
USAF B-30
USAF EK-2089
USAF P-5
Vancida TM-95
Vancide TM
VUAgT-I-4
Vulcafor TMTD
Vulkacit MTIC
Vulkacit thiuram
Vulkacit thiuram/C
ZUPA S 80

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	100 mg/24H	moderate	28ZPAK -,278,1972
eye /rabbit	100%		HPV407 -,-,2001
eye /rabbit	100 mg	mild	HPV407 -,-,2001
skin /rabbit	100%	mild	HPV407 -,-,2001

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	oral/mouse	80 mg/kg/3D-continuous	FCTOD7 25,709,1987
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	5600 µg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step)	HPV407 ,,2001
DNA Damage	oral/mouse	2400 mg/kg/8D-continuous	FCTOD7 36,155,1998
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/human	100 µg/L	FCTOD7 36,155,1998
DNA inhibition	lymphocyte/human	1 mg/L	ARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA inhibition	other cell types/rat	100 µg/L	ARTODN 45,101,1980
DNA repair	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 µg/plate	MUREAV 89,1,1981
DNA repair	/Bacillus subtilis	2 µg/disc	MUREAV 40,19,1976
Dominant Lethal Test	oral/mouse	150 mg/kg/8W-continuous	FCTOD7 35,523,1997
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	100 mg/kg	FCTOD7 23,373,1985
micronucleus test	lymphocyte/human	5 mg/L	FCTOD7 36,155,1998
morphological transform	oral/rat	2520 mg/kg/6W	CRNGDP 9,387,1988
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lung/hamster	5 mg/L	FCTOD7 23,373,1985
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step)	HPV407 ,,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Other microorganisms	1000 ppm (-enzymatic activation step)	MMAPAP 50,233,1973
mutation in microorganisms	/Aspergillus nidulans	500 ng/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 89,1,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 68,9,1979
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	5 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 68,313,1979
phage inhibition capacity	/Escherichia coli	1 µg/tube	MUREAV 89,1,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	/Aspergillus nidulans	20 ppm	MUREAV 89,297,1981
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	4 gm/L	SWEHDO 9(Suppl 2),27,1983
sperm morphology	intraperitoneal/mouse	100 mg/kg	PMRSDJ 2,79,1981
sperm morphology	oral/mouse	80 mg/kg/3D-continuous	FCTOD7 25,709,1987

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/rat	1200 mg/kg (7-12D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)	TXAPA9 35,83,1976
oral/rat	300 mg/kg (15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities	GISAAA 43(6),37,1978
oral/rat	1190 mg/kg (16-22D preg/21D after birth)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	TXAPA9 35,83,1976
oral/rat	550 mg/kg (1-22D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral	AEEDDS 2,215,1976
oral/rat	420 mg/kg (1-20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic	GISAAA 51(6),23,1986
oral/rat	1800 mg/kg (1Y male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct	IJEBA6 36,390,1998
oral/mouse	100 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	ATXKA8 30,251,1973
oral/mouse	300 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)	ATXKA8 30,251,1973
oral/mouse	80 mg/kg (3D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)	FCTOD7 25,709,1987
oral/hamster	125 mg/kg (7D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	TXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/hamster	250 mg/kg (8D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue)	TXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/hamster	250 mg/kg (7D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall	TXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/hamster	300 mg/kg (7D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system	TXAPA9 15,152,1969
oral/mammal (species unspecified)	848 mg/kg (60D prior to copulation/1-53D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	TOXID9 4,20,1984
oral/rat	125 mg/kg (6-10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	TOXID9 44,229,2005
oral/rat	291.6 mg/kg (multigeneration)	Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Other effects on female	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	150 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/hamster	250 mg/kg (7-8D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/hamster	500 mg/kg (7-8D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities	HPV407 -,-,2001
parenteral/rat	400 mg/kg (4-11D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	BEXBAN 93,107,1982
parenteral/rat	800 mg/kg (2D male/2D prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	BEXBAN 93,107,1982
subcutaneous/mouse	90 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)	NTIS** PB223-160
subcutaneous/mouse	1035 mg/kg (6-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	NTIS** PB223-160
unreported route/rat	50 mg/kg (1D prior to copulation)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	HBPTO* 1,738,2001

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 108 mg/kg/1Y- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	RPZHAW 31,67,1980
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 100 mg/kg	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Conditioned vitamin deficiency Skin and Appendages: Tumors	FCTOD7 34,283,1996
skin/mouse	toxic dose: 15300 mg/kg/51W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	FCTOD7 34,283,1996
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 46 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Blood: Tumors	NTIS** PB223-159

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Human, kidney	Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 17.38 µmol/L/2H	Endocrine: Other changes	TIVIEQ 40,66,2017
In Vitro/Human, kidney	Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 47.86 µmol/L/2H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 40,66,2017
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 7 mg/L/48H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 7 mg/L/48H	Immunological Including Allergic: Increase in cellular immune response	TIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 7 mg/L/24H	Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	TIVIEQ 30,318,2015
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 10.0 mg/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 9.11 mg/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 90.9 mg/L/30M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting	TIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 57.6 mg/L/30M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 180 mg/L/30M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 µmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,1170,2013
In Vitro/Human, lung fibroblast	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 4 µmol/L/6H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 28,209,2014
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte	Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 3 mg/L/45H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.1 mg/L/45H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, monocyte	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 12 mg/L/2H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,1233,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.8 µmol/L/48H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TXAPA9 245,281,2010
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 48.1 mg/L/21H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TIVIEQ 27,314,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 48.1 mg/L/4H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,314,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 1.04 mg/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,1127,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 26.6 µmol/L/48H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 23.3 µmol/L/48H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 23.7 µmol/L/48H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 18.8 µmol/L/48H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell metabolic activity: Alamar Blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 29,688,2015
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.02 pph/6H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,2213,2013
In Vitro/jrd	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.8 mg/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 28,626,2014
In Vitro/Mouse, macrophage	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/4H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TOLED5 235,199,2015
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 30 µg/m³/5Y- intermittent	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi	VRDEA5 (10),136,1971
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4420 mg/m³/4H	Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased	HPV407 -,-,2001
inhalation/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 4400 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 70 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 138 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 138 mg/kg	Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	JNPHAG 9,35,1978
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)	TOXID9 66,126,2002
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg	Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver: Liver function tests impaired	TOXID9 66,126,2002
oral/cat	lowest published lethal dose: 230 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Ataxia Behavioral: Analgesia	JPETAB 17,349,1921
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1250 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	GTPZAB 6(7),28,1962
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1350 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 210 mg/kg		KOKABN 26,358,1977
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/kg	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase	TXAPA9 11,546,1967
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1800 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 560 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/wild bird	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 mg/kg		AECTCV 12,355,1983
skin/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 1000 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
skin/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
skin/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 5 gm/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	ATDAEI 15(Suppl 1),S76,1996
subcutaneous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1109 mg/kg		NNGADV 15,507,1990
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 646 mg/kg		HPV407 -,-,2001
unreported route/chicken	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 840 mg/kg		VETNAL 54(2),70,1978
unreported route/domestic animal	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 225 mg/kg		VETNAL 54(2),70,1978
unreported route/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg		GISAAA 45(5),29,1980
unreported route/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1150 mg/kg		KOKABN 26,358,1977
unreported route/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 210 mg/kg		VETNAL 54(2),70,1978
unreported route/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 740 mg/kg		KOKABN 26,358,1977
unreported route/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg	Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction	HBPTO* 1,738,2001

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 91 mg/m³/26W- intermittent	Cardiac: Other changes	TPKVAL 15,3,1979
oral/Dog	lowest published toxic dose: 29120 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent	Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JTSCDR 5,269,1980
oral/Dog	lowest published toxic dose: 1120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Eye: Retinal changes pigmentary deposition, retinitis, other) Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NNGADV 15,507,1990
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 12222 mg/kg/97W- intermittent	Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 24444 mg/kg/97W- intermittent	Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Blood: Changes in spleen Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 48888 mg/kg/97W- intermittent	Blood: Normocytic anemia Blood: Changes in spleen Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1560 µg/kg/3D- intermittent	Vascular: Other changes	BJCAAI 86,779,2002
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 12000 µg/kg/4W- intermittent	Vascular: Other changes Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously	BJCAAI 86,779,2002
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 4680 µg/kg/3W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Tumorigenic: Tumor types after systemic administration not seen spontaneously	BJCAAI 86,779,2002
oral/pig	lowest published toxic dose: 1820 µg/kg/1Y- continuous	Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Cardiac: Other changes	CUTOEX 1,221,1993
oral/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 1520 mg/kg/15W- intermittent	Vascular: BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	GTPZAB 6(7),28,1962
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg/5D- intermittent	Endocrine: Change in LH	TOXID9 44,229,2005
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 387.5 mg/kg/31D- intermittent	Endocrine: Other changes	TOXID9 44,352,2005
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1550 mg/kg/31D- intermittent	Endocrine: Change in LH	TOXID9 44,352,2005
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 3200 mg/kg/4D- intermittent	Liver: Changes in liver weight	TOXID9 66,339,2002
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1000 mg/kg/4D- intermittent	Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction	TOXID9 66,339,2002
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 2250 mg/kg/90D- intermittent	Gastrointestinal: Gastritis Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5.46 gm/kg/13W- intermittent	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 13.65 gm/kg/13W- intermittent	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 3.276 gm/kg/13W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 6552 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 13104 mg/kg/104W- intermittent	Blood: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	HPV407 -,-,2001
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/90D- intermittent	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	INHEAO 31,59,1993
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 406 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	BCTKAG 17,69,1984
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/7D- continuous	Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Other metals	ARTODN 48,29,1981
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 10920 mg/kg/2Y- continuous	Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	JTSCDR 5,269,1980
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 1680 mg/kg/4W- continuous	Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	NNGADV 15,507,1990

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m³ (sen)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 12,225,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 12,225,1976
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 53,403,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 53,403,1991
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 3	IMEMDT 53,403,1991
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CNDQA8 10(3),43,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 567,347,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 21,93,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,86,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,179,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HUTOX* -,561,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HETOEA 26,321,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FEREAC 74,47507,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FEREAC 74,48386,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 21,343,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 723,108,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 721,27,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 268,157,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 56,54,2010

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION		FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES	Supported	RBREV* -,154,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	DTLVS* 3,257,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 5 mg/m³;KZW 25 mg/m³, inhal, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 2 mg/m³, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 5 mg/m³, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 1 mg/m³, inhal, skin, sen, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, sen, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	Occupational Exposure Limit 0.1 mg/m³, s1 sen, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 0.5 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 2 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 1.5 mg/m³, Skin, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 1 mg/m³;short term exposure limit 2 mg/m³, Sen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.01 mg/m³, inhal, skin, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 1 mg/m³, KZG-week 2 mg/m³, inhal, sen, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 5 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JAN1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO THIRAM-air	10H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 71900; Number of Industries 23; Total Number of Facilities 2234; Number of Occupations 48; Total Number of Employees Exposed 47798; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 9520
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 71900; Number of Industries 14; Total Number of Facilities 1502; Number of Occupations 37; Total Number of Employees Exposed 17330

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; B subtilis rec assay
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Thiram, 5005
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health