Dimethylamine, N-nitroso-

RTECS #

IQ0525000

CAS #

62-75-9
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

74.10

Molecular Formula

C₂H₆N₂O

Synonyms

Dimethylnitrosamin (German)
Dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosoamine
Dimethylnitrosoamine (OSHA)
DMN
DMNA
Methanamine, N-methyl-N-nitroso- (9CI)
N,N-Dimethylnitrosamine
NDMA
Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Methyl-N-nitrosomethanamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (ACGIH:OSHA)
N-Nitroso-N,N-dimethylamine
RCRA waste number P082

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
body fluid assay	ovary/rat	320 mg/kg	MUREAV 143,263,1985
Cytogenetic Analysis	embryo/hamster	100 mmol/L	PJABDW 56,41,1980
Cytogenetic Analysis	intraperitoneal/hamster	20 mg/kg	CGCYDF 10,23,1983
Cytogenetic Analysis	lung/hamster	500 mg/L	GMCRDC 27,95,1981
Cytogenetic Analysis	fibroblast/hamster	40 mmol/L	MUREAV 51,397,1978
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	1110 µmol/L	MOTOEX 1,217,1987
Cytogenetic Analysis	lymphocyte/cattle	60 µmol/L	MUREAV 290,311,1993
Cytogenetic Analysis	HeLa cell/human	10 µmol/L	TXCYAC 9,21,1978
Cytogenetic Analysis	lymphocyte/human	50 mmol/L	ARTODN 39,159,1977
Cytogenetic Analysis	subcutaneous/rat	40 mg/kg	NULSAK 23,121,1980
Cytogenetic Analysis	liver/rat	45 µmol/L	CRNGDP 8,1077,1987
Cytogenetic Analysis	oral/rat	20 mg/kg	MUREAV 251,59,1991
Cytogenetic Analysis	lung/hamster	1000 mg/L/6H (+enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 40,599,2002
Cytogenetic Analysis	other cell types/mouse	2 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step)	TCMUD8 23(Suppl 1),137,2003
Cytogenetic Analysis	inhalation/rat	10 mg/kg/10D	MUREAV 577S,1,2005
Cytogenetic Analysis	other cell types/human	5.4 mmol/L/48H	EMMUEG 50,46,2009
DNA adduct	other cell types/rat	175 µmol	PAACA3 24,65,1983
DNA adduct	other cell types/rat	6300 nmol	PAACA3 24,65,1983
DNA adduct	lung/human	27600 nmol/L	CNREA8 37,2309,1977
DNA adduct	other cell types/human	1300 nmol	PAACA3 24,65,1983
DNA adduct	other cell types/human	4100 nmol	PAACA3 24,65,1983
DNA adduct	other cell types/mouse	5 µmol	PAACA3 24,65,1983
DNA adduct	other cell types/mouse	72 µmol	PAACA3 24,65,1983
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/mouse	5 mg/kg	CRNGDP 19,731,1998
DNA Damage	kidney/rat	32 mmol/L	MUREAV 368,41,1996
DNA Damage	other cell types/mouse	1 µmol/L	MUREAV 213,185,1989
DNA Damage	multiple/mouse	57400 µg/kg/6W-continuous	CBINA8 4,321,1971/1972
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/mouse	5700 µg/kg	MUREAV 54,39,1978
DNA Damage	oral/mouse	15 mg/kg	IJCNAW 17,765,1976
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/gerbil	100 µg/kg	CNREA8 43,1306,1983
DNA Damage	kidney/mammal (species unspecified)	1 mmol/L	JTEHD6 6,333,1980
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/mammal (species unspecified)	430 µmol/L	MUREAV 135,87,1984
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/hamster	10 µg/kg	CNREA8 39,50,1979
DNA Damage	lung/hamster	3 mmol/L	MUREAV 187,181,1987
DNA Damage	ovary/hamster	5 mmol/L	MUREAV 77,259,1980
DNA Damage	liver/hamster	50 µmol/L	EMMUEG 15,24,1990
DNA Damage	kidney/human	32 mmol/L	MUREAV 368,41,1996
DNA Damage	other cell types/rat	1 mmol/L	CRNGDP 5,1453,1984
DNA Damage	other cell types/human	90 mmol/L	MUREAV 441,215,1999
DNA Damage	unreported route/rat	5 mg/kg	CBINA8 15,101,1976
DNA Damage	intravenous/rat	1 µg/kg	CNREA8 41,3128,1981
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/rat	5 mg/kg	CALEDQ 40,203,1988
DNA Damage	oral/rat	22 µg/kg	CNREA8 47,3485,1987
DNA Damage	parenteral/rat	2 mg/kg	NATUAS 248,153,1974
DNA Damage	fibroblast/hamster	10 µmol/L/6H	MUREAV 726,84,2011
DNA Damage	ovary/hamster	0.1 mmol/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 741,109,2012
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/human	50 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 743,25,2012
DNA Damage	sperm/human	50 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 743,25,2012
DNA Damage	lymphocyte/human	5 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 743,25,2012
DNA Damage	sperm/human	5 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 743,25,2012
DNA Damage	oral/rat	1.89 mg/kg/3D- intermittent	MUREAV 786-788,172,2015
DNA Damage	other cell types/human	1000 µmol/L/24H	MUTAEX 31,83,2016
DNA Damage	liver/human	10 µmol/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 827,59,2018
DNA Damage	fibroblast/hamster	5 µmol/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 827,59,2018
DNA Damage	other cell types/human	10 µmol/L/24H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 827,59,2018
DNA Damage	ovary/human	2 mmol/L	MUREAV 575,17,2005
DNA Damage	liver/human	100 µmol/L/24H	MUREAV 657,133,2008
DNA Damage	liver/rat	1 mmol/L/20H	MUREAV 564,21,2004
DNA Damage	other cell types/human	27 mmol/L/4H	MUREAV 536,79,2003
DNA Damage	intraperitoneal/mouse	360 mg/kg/12W	MUREAV 579,81,2005
DNA Damage	liver/mouse	2 mmol/L/24H	MUTAEX 25,561,2010
DNA Damage	liver/mouse	2 mmol/L/48H	MUTAEX 25,561,2010
DNA Damage	lung/rat	2.5 mmol/L/20H	MUREAV 605,94,2006
DNA Damage	lung/human	2.5 mmol/L/20H	MUREAV 605,94,2006
DNA Damage	liver/rat	100 µmol/L/3H	MUREAV 629,49,2007
DNA Damage	other cell types/rat	10 mmol/L/16H	BCPCA6 68,523,2004
DNA Damage	liver/human	1 mmol/L/4H	TXAPA9 182,219,2002
DNA Damage	liver/rat	1 mmol/L/4H	TXAPA9 182,219,2002
DNA Damage	oral/other insects	0.25 µmol/tube	MUREAV 480-481,139,2001
DNA Damage	liver/rat	5 mmol/L	TOSCF2 53,71,2000
DNA Damage	liver/human	5 mmol/L	TOSCF2 53,71,2000
DNA Damage	lung/hamster	2 mg/L/3H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 536,27,2003
DNA Damage	oral/mouse	0.0135 mmol/kg	MUREAV 539,65,2003
DNA inhibition	intraperitoneal/rat	9 mg/kg	CBINA8 27,81,1979
DNA inhibition	subcutaneous/rat	12500 µg/kg	BIMDB3 20,119,1974
DNA inhibition	HeLa cell/human	100 mmol/L/1H-continuous	JEPTDQ 2(1),65,1978
DNA inhibition	parenteral/mouse	20 mg/kg	RCOCB8 21,281,1978
DNA inhibition	intraperitoneal/mouse	20 gm/kg	ARGEAR 51,605,1981
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	50 ng/well	MUREAV 46,53,1977
DNA repair	/Bacillus subtilis	25 gm/L	EVSRBT 24,19,1981
DNA repair	liver/rat	5 mmol/L/20H	MUREAV 536,69,2003
DNA repair	liver/human	5 mmol/L/20H	MUREAV 536,69,2003
DNA repair	other cell types/human	5.4 mmol/L/48H	EMMUEG 50,46,2009
Dominant Lethal Test	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	10 mmol/L	RPZHAW 33,215,1982
Dominant Lethal Test	intraperitoneal/mouse	4400 µg/kg	MGGEAE 117,197,1972
Dominant Lethal Test	subcutaneous/mouse	45 mg/kg	ATXKA8 28,135,1971
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	5 mmol/L	MUREAV 108,161,1983
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Aspergillus nidulans	20096 µg/plate	MUREAV 80,265,1981
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Chlamydomonas reinhardi	68 µmol/L	CUGED5 10,393,1986
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	0.076 mmol/L	FCTOD7 49,2172,2011
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	1 mmol/L/48H	MUTAEX 19,187,2004
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Drosophila melanogaster	0.01 mmol/L	MUREAV 514,193,2002
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	200 mmol/L/3H (-enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 36,97,2000
gene conversion and mitotic recombination	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	200 mmol/L/3H (+enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 36,97,2000
host-mediated assay	Saccharomyes cerevisiae/rat	3705 mg/kg	MUREAV 31,381,1975
host-mediated assay	Salmonella typhimurium/rat	600 µg/kg	ENMUDM 1,277,1979
host-mediated assay	Escherichia coli/mammal (species unspecified)	100 mg/kg	ARZNAD 24,1422,1974
host-mediated assay	leukocyte/mouse	2500 µg/kg	CNREA8 34,3073,1974
host-mediated assay	Schizosaccharomyces pombe/mouse	1 mg/kg	MUREAV 85,57,1981
host-mediated assay	Salmonella typhimurium/mouse	24200 µg/kg	MGGEAE 117,197,1972
host-mediated assay	Serratia marcescens/mouse	12 mg/kg/2H	MGGEAE 117,197,1972
host-mediated assay	Saccharomyes cerevisiae/mouse	10 µmol/kg	AGACBH 3,99,1973
host-mediated assay	Escherichia coli/mouse	15 mg/kg	MUREAV 25,187,1974
host-mediated assay	other cell types/mouse	2 mg/kg	MUREAV 207,57,1988
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/hamster	10 mg/kg	MUREAV 43,255,1977
micronucleus test	inhalation/mouse	1030 mg/m³	NEZAAQ 40,280,1985
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	10 mg/kg	MUREAV 278,103,1992
micronucleus test	oral/mouse	12500 µg/kg	MUREAV 97,43,1982
micronucleus test	liver/human	5 mmol/L	MUREAV 414,37,1998
micronucleus test	parenteral/rat	30 mg/kg	ZKKOBW 84,135,1975
micronucleus test	liver/rat	5 mmol/L	TOSCF2 53,71,2000
micronucleus test	liver/human	10 mmol/L/4H	MUREAV 536,79,2003
micronucleus test	intraperitoneal/rat	5 mg/kg	MUREAV 583,133,2005
micronucleus test	other cell types/human	6.4 mmol/L/4H	MUREAV 536,79,2003
micronucleus test	oral/rat	60 mg/kg/3D- intermittent	MUREAV 722,7,2011
micronucleus test	other cell types/human	100 µmol/L/3H	MUREAV 724,7,2011
micronucleus test	oral/rat	5 mg/kg	MUTAEX 24,9,2009
micronucleus test	oral/rat	14 mg/kg/14D	MUREAV 780-781,2,2015
micronucleus test	fibroblast/hamster	80 µmol/L/48H	MUREAV 770,37,2014
micronucleus test	other cell types/human	5 mmol/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 57,243,2016
morphological transform	intraperitoneal/mouse	360 mg/kg/12W	MUREAV 579,81,2005
morphological transform	oral/rat	16 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	MUREAV 575,61,2005
morphological transform	intraperitoneal/rat	60 mg/kg	ONCOBS 34,16,1977
morphological transform	oral/rat	100 µmol/kg	CBINA8 43,313,1983
morphological transform	liver/rat	100 mg/L	BJCAAI 28,215,1973
morphological transform	embryo/rat	1300 mg/L	JJIND8 67,1303,1981
morphological transform	other cell types/human	200 µg/L	CANCAR 47,1543,1981
morphological transform	fibroblast/human	1 µg/L	BANRDU 12,3,1982
morphological transform	fibroblast/mouse	500 µg/L	JJIND8 67,1303,1981
morphological transform	kidney/hamster	80 µg/L	BJCAAI 37,873,1978
morphological transform	embryo/hamster	100 mg/L	IJCNAW 19,642,1977
morphological transform	oral/hamster	200 mg/kg	EVHPAZ 45,119,1982
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	intraperitoneal/hamster	200 mg/kg	TOLED5 2,277,1978
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lung/hamster	100 µmol/L	ENMUDM 6,454,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	ovary/hamster	100 mg/L	ENMUDM 6,539,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	embryo/rat	100 µg/L	JTEHD6 4,79,1978
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	intraperitoneal/mouse	4 mg/kg/4D-continuous	MUREAV 412,161,1998
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/mouse	3700 mg/L	JEPTDQ 4(2-3),327,1980
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	lymphocyte/human	14 mmol/L	MUREAV 128,221,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	ovary/hamster	200 mg/L/5H (-enzymatic activation step)	JAPTO* 21,449,2001
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	ovary/hamster	200 mg/L/5H (+enzymatic activation step)	JAPTO* 21,449,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	135 nmol/plate/48H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 541,123,2003
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	360 mg/L/2H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 578,210,2005
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	1 mg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	MUTAEX 16,479,2001
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	1.56 mg/L/16H	MUTAEX 20,317,2005
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	50 mg/L/18H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 653,63,2008
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	196 nmol/tube/45H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 653,14,2008
mutation in microorganisms	/Schizosaccharomyces pombe	1000 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 49,1303,2011
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 µmol/L/72H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 741,109,2012
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	5 µg/plate/48H (+enzymatic activation step)	FCTOD7 50,3360,2012
mutation in microorganisms	/Escherichia coli	140 nmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 135,87,1984
mutation in microorganisms	/Aspergillus nidulans	20096 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 80,265,1981
mutation in microorganisms	/Neurospora crassa	100 nmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 3,537,1966
mutation in microorganisms	/Neurospora crassa	90 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 31,195,1975
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	450 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	BBRCA9 83,14,1978
mutation in microorganisms	/Saccharomyes cerevisiae	350 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 45,309,1977
mutation in microorganisms	/Other microorganisms	1 pph/72H-continuous (-enzymatic activation step)	SOGEBZ 10,522,1974
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	50 µL/plate (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 54,101,1978
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	10 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step)	CALEDQ 47,63,1989
mutation in microorganisms	mammary gland/mouse	10 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 30,249,1975
mutation in microorganisms	lymphocyte/mouse	100 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step)	ENMUDM 9,331,1987
mutation in microorganisms	/Salmonella typhimurium	0.2 µmol/plate/48H (-enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 484,61,2001
mutation in microorganisms	lung/hamster	100 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	CRNGDP 6,1403,1985
mutation in microorganisms	ovary/hamster	150 µmol/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MOTOEX 1,217,1987
other mutation test systems	intravenous/mouse	25 mg/kg	ARTODN 54,215,1983
other mutation test systems	oral/mouse	35 mg/kg	CBINA8 21,45,1978
other mutation test systems	intraperitoneal/mouse	40 mg/kg	CNREA8 44,5110,1984
other mutation test systems	/Salmonella typhimurium	1500 mg/L	MUREAV 192,239,1987
other mutation test systems	/Escherichia coli	40 nmol/tube	PNASA6 79,5971,1982
other mutation test systems	intraperitoneal/rat	30 mg/kg	BBACAQ 654,31,1981
other mutation test systems	intraperitoneal/rat	4 mg/kg	BBACAQ 697,336,1982
other mutation test systems	other cell types/human	67.5 mmol/L/20H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 746,124,2012
other mutation test systems	other cell types/human	1.95 µmol/L/24H	TIVIEQ 28,46,2014
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster	2 mmol/L	CBINA8 14,21,1976
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	2500 µmol/L	ENMUDM 2,187,1980
sister chromatid exchange	intraperitoneal/rat	10 mg/kg	MUREAV 107,131,1983
sister chromatid exchange	liver/rat	100 nmol/L	CRNGDP 8,1077,1987
sister chromatid exchange	oral/rat	10 mg/kg	MUREAV 251,59,1991
sister chromatid exchange	fibroblast/human	3 mmol/L	ENMUDM 4,203,1982
sister chromatid exchange	lymphocyte/human	29 mg/L	CNREA8 40,4775,1980
sister chromatid exchange	intraperitoneal/mouse	120 µmol/kg	TCMUD8 9,219,1989
sister chromatid exchange	lung/mouse	15 mg/kg	PSEBAA 158,269,1978
sister chromatid exchange	intraperitoneal/hamster	15 mg/kg	PSEBAA 158,269,1978
sister chromatid exchange	fibroblast/hamster	40 mmol/L	MUREAV 51,397,1978
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	500 µg/L	ENMUDM 7,1,1985
sister chromatid exchange	other cell types/hamster	40 mmol/L/30M	ARTODN 46,61,1980
sister chromatid exchange	lung/hamster	10 µmol/L	ENMUDM 6,454,1984
sister chromatid exchange	oral/hamster	50 mg/kg	MUREAV 113,33,1983
sister chromatid exchange	lymphocyte/cattle	6 µmol/L	MUREAV 290,311,1993
sister chromatid exchange	lung/hamster	0.01 µmol/L/32H	MUREAV 580,41,2005
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	0.2 gm/L/4H (+enzymatic activation step)	JAPTO* 22,45,2001
sister chromatid exchange	ovary/hamster	300 mg/L/2H (+enzymatic activation step)	JAPTO* 21,449,2001
specific locus test	ovary/hamster	0.2 gm/L/24H (+enzymatic activation step)	JAPTO* 22,45,2001
specific locus test	other cell types/mouse	10 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 577S,1,2005
specific locus test	other cell types/human	46.31 mg/L/3H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUTAEX 24,35,2009
specific locus test	other cell types/human	43 mg/L/16H (+enzymatic activation step)	MUREAV 724,76,2011
specific locus test	multiple/Drosophila melanogaster	74.1 mg/L/48H	MUTAEX 19,187,2004
specific locus test	ovary/hamster	700 mg/L	PMRSDJ 1,594,1981
specific locus test	intraperitoneal/mouse	7500 µg/kg	ARTODN 38,87,1977
specific locus test	oral/Drosophila melanogaster	100 µmol/L	ENMUDM 5,455,1983
specific locus test	parenteral/Drosophila melanogaster	1 mmol/L	CNREA8 35,3780,1975
sperm morphology	intraperitoneal/mouse	2 mg/kg	TXCYAC 12,183,1979
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/monkey	5 mmol/L	MUREAV 206,91,1988
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/hamster	100 µmol/L	ENMUDM 6,1,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	lung/hamster	10 µmol/L	ENMUDM 6,454,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	subcutaneous/mouse	150 mg/kg	PSEBAA 145,1339,1974
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	oral/mouse	1200 µg/kg	BBRCA9 58,242,1974
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/mouse	10 µmol/L	TOPADD 12,119,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	intraperitoneal/mouse	3 mg/kg	TXAPA9 53,357,1980
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/human	30 mg/L	MUREAV 271,201,1992
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/other fish	100 µmol/L	NCIMAV 65,163,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/human	1300 µmol/L	MUREAV 235,81,1990
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	fibroblast/human	1 mmol/L/1H	IJCNAW 16,284,1975
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	HeLa cell/human	100 µmol/L	CNREA8 38,2621,1978
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/human	1 mmol/L	JJIND8 69,557,1982
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/human	1 mmol/L	BANRDU 13,101,1982
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	subcutaneous/rat	1560 µg/kg	BIMDB3 20,119,1974
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	30 mg/L	MUREAV 124,299,1983
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	oral/rat	625 µg/kg	MUREAV 344,109,1995
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	intraperitoneal/rat	1 mg/kg	CRNGDP 3,1071,1982
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	inhalation/rat	500 ppm/4H	PAACA3 25,106,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/rat	5 mmol/L	CRNGDP 5,1453,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/rat	1 mmol/L	CRNGDP 5,773,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	other cell types/rat	5 mmol/L	PAACA3 25,106,1984
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/human	10 mmol/L/44H	MUREAV 559,211,2004
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	intravenous/rat	10 mg/kg	TCMUD8 23(Suppl 1),137,2003

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/rat	5 mg/kg (12D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	CNREA8 33,2231,1973
intraperitoneal/mouse	10 mg/kg (18D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic	TXCYAC 24,251,1982
intraplacental/rat	500 µg/kg (13D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	BEXBAN 78,1308,1974
intravenous/rat	20 mg/kg (10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	ZEKBAI 71,32,1968
oral/mouse	1940 µg/kg (75D prior to copulation/1-22D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)	RCOCB8 19,311,1978
oral/rat	20 mg/kg (20D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)	FCTOD7 21,453,1983
oral/rat	30 mg/kg (10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death	ZEKBAI 71,32,1968
oral/rat	35 mg/kg (8-14D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities	VOONAW 13(5),87,1967
oral/rat	30 mg/kg (10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion	VOONAW 13(5),87,1967
oral/rat	35 mg/kg (1-7D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)	VOONAW 13(5),87,1967
unreported route/rat	7 mg/kg (1-7D pregnant)	Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus	IARCCD 4,1,1973

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 µg/m³/45W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors	VOONAW 21(6),107,1975
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 200 µg/m³/45W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	VOONAW 21(6),107,1975
intramuscular/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	INURAQ 4,39,1966
intraperitoneal/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	CRNGDP 1,91,1980
intraperitoneal/mouse	toxic dose: 7 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors	CBINA8 1,395,1969/1970
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	MUREAV 477,41,2001
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 2.400 mg/kg/7D- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	CALEDQ 143,81,1999
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains	TXAPA9 179,21,2002
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	IJCNAW 28,199,1981
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	CNREA8 30,2796,1970
intraperitoneal/rat	toxic dose: 40 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Consolidation Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	BJEPA5 51,587,1970
intraperitoneal/rat	toxic dose: 30 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors	CRNGDP 5,1003,1984
intraperitoneal/rat	toxic dose: 20 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	JSONAU 8,539,1976
intrarenal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	JJIND8 71,787,1983
intratracheal/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg/8W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	CRNGDP 9,947,1988
intratracheal/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg/15W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	FCTOD7 26,847,1988
intravenous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 18 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	INURAQ 4,39,1966
multiple/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/2W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	APJAAG 23,87,1973
oral/frog	lowest published toxic dose: 3076 mg/kg/29W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	BEXBAN 92,1084,1981
oral/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 13 mg/kg	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	BJCAAI 46,985,1982
oral/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic dose: 49 mg/kg/71W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	IARCCD 14,443,1976
oral/mouse	toxic dose: 370 mg/kg/56W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors	JNCIAM 41,1213,1968
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 140 µg/kg (4W pre-3W after birth)	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	JJIND8 62,1553,1979
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 80 mg/kg/8W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	IJCNAW 28,199,1981
oral/mouse	toxic dose: 11 mg/kg/16W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	PAACA3 25,98,1984
oral/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 325 mg/kg/37W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Liver: Tumors	BJCAAI 23,125,1969
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg (21D pregnant)	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	BEXBAN 78,1308,1974
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 23 mg/kg/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Liver: Tumors	CNREA8 41,4997,1981
oral/rat	toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/30W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal: Tumors Liver: Tumors	CNREA8 41,4997,1981
oral/rat	toxic dose: 336 mg/kg/2W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	TOLED5 18(Suppl 1),115,1983
oral/rat	toxic dose: 114 mg/kg/81W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	GISAAA 48(3),19,1983
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/20W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains	EJCAAH 16,695,1980
subcutaneous/hamster	toxic dose: 74200 µg/kg/53W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	CALEDQ 31,181,1986
subcutaneous/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 62 mg/kg/44W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	JNCIAM 51,1295,1973
subcutaneous/hamster	lowest published toxic dose: 12 mg/kg (14D pregnant)	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Endocrine: Tumors	ZKKOBW 90,79,1977
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 38 mg/kg (17-19D pregnant)	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors	VOONAW 17(8),75,1971
subcutaneous/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 70 mg/kg/1W- continuous	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	BJCAAI 20,871,1966
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 24466 µg/kg/20W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors	CNREA8 46,498,1986
unreported route/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 7 mg/kg (15-21D pregnant)	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors	IARCCD 4,1,1973

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Human, colon tumor	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro	TOLED5 207,232,2011
In Vitro/Human, colon tumor	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TOLED5 207,232,2011
In Vitro/Human, colon tumor	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 mmol/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TOLED5 207,232,2011
In Vitro/nta	Inhibitor Concentration Low: >250 µmol/L/5D	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay	JENSC* 58,302,2017
inhalation/Dog	Lowest published lethal concentration: 16 ppm/4H	Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase	AMIHAB 12,617,1955
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 57 ppm/4H	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood: Hemorrhage	AMIHAB 12,617,1955
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 78 ppm/4H	Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Blood: Hemorrhage	AMIHAB 12,617,1955
inhalation/rat	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 78 ppm/4H		ENTOX* -,255,2005
intraperitoneal/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 13700 µg/kg		CRNGDP 5,533,1984
intraperitoneal/hamster	lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg		CRNGDP 1,91,1980
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 19 mg/kg		EXPEAM 32,495,1976
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes	MUREAV 577S,1,2005
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg	Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	TOXRE* 1,707,2014
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg	Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Endocrine: Androgenic	BCHOP* 3,40,2016
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes	BCHOP* 3,40,2016
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg	Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	FCTOD7 46,1279,2008
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 10 µg/kg	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	ETPAEK 61,287,2009
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)	FATOAO 46,111,1983
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 26500 µg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	BJIMAG 11,167,1954
intravenous/rat	lowest published lethal dose: 40 mg/kg	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	BJIMAG 11,167,1954
oral/Dog	lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg	Behavioral: Muscle weakness Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Blood: Hemorrhage	BJIMAG 11,167,1954
oral/guinea pig	lowest published lethal dose: 25 mg/kg	Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli Blood: Thrombocytopenia	STGNBT -,183,1999
oral/hamster	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 28 mg/kg	Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from stomach Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Liver: Fatty liver degeneration	JNCIAM 33,341,1964
oral/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 10 mg/kg	Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli Blood: Thrombocytopenia	STGNBT -,183,1999
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 37 mg/kg		GISAAA 50(8),81,1985
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	BCPCA6 67,2141,2004
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 26 mg/kg	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Multiple effects Blood: Hemorrhage	ENTOX* -,255,2005
oral/woman	lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg/2.5Y	Gastrointestinal: Ulceration or bleeding from small intestine Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature increase	ONCOBS 37,273,1980
subcutaneous/hamster	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17700 µg/kg	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Liver: Other changes Blood: Other changes	BJCAAI 33,411,1976
subcutaneous/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 10 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	AVSCA7 22,501,1981
subcutaneous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 15 mg/kg	Liver: Liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli Blood: Thrombocytopenia	STGNBT -,183,1999
unreported route/guinea pig	lowest published lethal dose: 25 mg/kg	Blood: Hemorrhage	BJIMAG 11,167,1954
unreported route/mouse	lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes	BJIMAG 11,167,1954
unreported route/rabbit	lowest published lethal dose: 10 mg/kg	Liver: Other changes	BJIMAG 11,167,1954
unreported route/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg	Liver: Multiple effects	FATOAO 48,103,1985
unreported route/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 36 mg/kg		GISAAA 45(8),11,1980

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 360 mg/kg/12W- continuous	Liver: Tumors Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases	MUREAV 579,81,2005
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 360 mg/kg/12W- continuous	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other	MUREAV 579,81,2005
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 360 mg/kg/12W- continuous	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	MUREAV 579,81,2005
intraperitoneal/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/24D- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	BPBLEO 31,309,2008
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/3W- intermittent	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	JTPAE7 17,205,2004
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Jaundice (or hyperbilirubinemia) hepatocellular Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	CHMED* 3,1,2008
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 µL/kg/4W- continuous	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	BPBLEO 32,1364,2009
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 0.12 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)	BJPCBM 156,1019,2009
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	FCTOD7 48,3137,2010
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	FCTOD7 49,93,2011
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	JOETD7 134,953,2011
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/5W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	JOETD7 142,811,2012
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Liver function tests impaired Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases	JOETD7 153,854,2014
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Liver function tests impaired Liver: Other changes	JOETD7 189,148,2016
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	JOETD7 190,83,2016
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring)	TOXID9 72,345,2003
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	CEXPB9 28,522,2001
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 90 µL/kg/3W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	CBINA8 147,9,2004
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 90 µL/kg/3W- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases	CBINA8 147,9,2004
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 µL/kg/4W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Liver function tests impaired Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)	TOXID9 66,365,2002
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 150 µL/kg/5W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring)	TOXID9 60,345,2001
intraperitoneal/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Liver: Changes in liver weight	BPBLEO 27,72,2004
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 90 µL/kg/3W- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post- necrotic scarring) Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other	TXAPA9 240,377,2009
oral/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 23800 µg/kg/17W- continuous	Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in cellular immune response Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	JTEHD6 37,351,1992
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 156 mg/kg/7D- intermittent	Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases	TXAPA9 16,626,1970
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 412 mg/kg/16W- continuous	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	BJIMAG 11,167,1954
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 14 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Tumors	MUREAV 780-781,2,2015
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 0.8 mg/kg/2D- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TXAPA9 243,300,2010
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 5.6 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TXAPA9 243,300,2010
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 36 mg/kg/90D- intermittent	Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins	TXAPA9 243,300,2010
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/15D- intermittent	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain	MUREAV 702,40,2010
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/15D- intermittent	Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) Blood: Changes in platelet count	MUREAV 702,40,2010
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/7D- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	TOSCF2 77,19,2004
oral/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 56 mg/kg/14D- intermittent	Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	TOSCF2 77,19,2004
subcutaneous/rat	lowest published toxic dose: 63 mg/kg/3W- intermittent	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport	GISAAA 50(8),81,1985

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Control as low as possible (skin)	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence	IMEMDT 17,125,1978
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data	IMEMDT 17,125,1978
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 2A	IMSUDL 7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RREVAH 64,77,1976
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		GMCRDC 17,107,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 41,157,1977
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		85CVA2 5,257,1970
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ATXKA8 28,135,1971
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		APLMAS 107,54,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		BLFSBY 24,129,1983
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ONCOBS 37,259,1980
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 14,141,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 588,88,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EMMUEG 44,44,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 19,251,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DIMON* 39,678,1993
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 628,31,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 44,1699,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 627,10,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 627,59,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 635,90,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,249,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,255,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 584,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 566,183,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 636,178,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 635,52,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 658,124,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 19,169,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 659,202,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JTPAE7 19,1,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 657,84,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 608,136,2006
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 231,197,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 180,110,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 636,144,2007
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 681,68,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 17,495,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 590,1,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 678,113,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 23,271,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 705,184,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 26,231,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 678,76,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 26,223,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 723,101,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 653,99,2008
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EMMUEG 50,68,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 723,108,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 25,3,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 783,19,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 783,36,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 769,34,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 783,66,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 786-788,14,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 224,319,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EMMUEG 44,372,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 795,7,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 31,117,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 86,309,2015
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 802,1,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 31,347,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EMMUEG 58,632,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		FCTOD7 109,650,2017
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 33,179,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 60,268,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		VETOX* ,339,2018

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD	skin-SUSPECTED CARCINOGEN	DTLWS* 3,25,1973
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	Carcinogen, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	TRK-TMW 0.001 mg/m³;KZW 0.004 mg/m³, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	TRK 0.0025 mg/m³ (production), JAN 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	Skin, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	skin, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	Group B Carcinogen, JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.001 mg/m³, carc 2, skin, JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 0.001 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1926.1116	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	see Appendix A3 (skin)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1910.1016	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	see Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 29,1915.1016	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-cancer suspect agent		CFRGBR 29,1910.1016,1987

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE-air	Carcinogen use 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.1016	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 51110; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 75; Number of Occupations 1; Total Number of Employees Exposed 747; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 299

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/90/182130/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Rodent dominant lethal; Mouse spot test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: SHE-clonal assay; Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cytogenetics-male germ cell; Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: UDS in mouse germ cells
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro cytogenetics-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-nonhuman; In vivo SCE-nonhuman
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-reciprocal translocation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Host-mediated assay; L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS in rat liver; V79 cell culture-gene mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Mammalian micronucleus; N crassa-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: N crassa-reversion; E coli polA with S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-forward mutation; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: S pombe-forward mutation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: TRP reversion; S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Nitrosamines, 2522
NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen
On EPA IRIS database
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #27
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #6

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health