p-Cresol
RTECS #
GO6475000
CAS #
Updated
June 2018
Molecular Weight
108.15
Molecular Formula
C7H8O
Synonyms
1-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzene
1-Methyl-4-hydroxybenzene
4-Cresol
4-Hydroxytoluene
4-Methylphenol
para-Cresol
Paramethyl phenol
p-Cresol (ACGIH:OSHA)
p-Cresylic acid
Phenol, 4-methyl- (9CI)
p-Hydroxytoluene
p-Kresol
p-Methylhydroxybenzene
p-Methylphenol
p-Oxytoluene
p-Toluol
p-Tolyl alcohol
RCRA waste number U052
1-Methyl-4-hydroxybenzene
4-Cresol
4-Hydroxytoluene
4-Methylphenol
para-Cresol
Paramethyl phenol
p-Cresol (ACGIH:OSHA)
p-Cresylic acid
Phenol, 4-methyl- (9CI)
p-Hydroxytoluene
p-Kresol
p-Methylhydroxybenzene
p-Methylphenol
p-Oxytoluene
p-Toluol
p-Tolyl alcohol
RCRA waste number U052
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 30000 µg/L/20H (-enzymatic activation step) | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 30100 µg/L/20H (+enzymatic activation step) | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 25 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| DNA inhibition | lymphocyte/human | 25 µmol/L | RCOCB8 54,133,1986 |
| DNA inhibition | lung/hamster | 150 µmol/L | CRTOEC 4,151,1991 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 0.01 mg/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step) | EMMUEG 37,231,2001 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| oral/rat | 19775 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | 50850 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | 4500 mg/kg (6-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rabbit | 650 mg/kg (6-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| skin/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2280 mg/kg/20W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors | CNREA8 19,413,1959 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 31.25 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 234,20,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 15.63 mg/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 234,20,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 15.63 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 234,20,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 31.25 mg/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 234,20,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 31.25 mg/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 234,20,2015 |
| In Vitro/mzx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 20 µmol/L/5D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | JOETD7 132,274,2010 |
| In Vitro/Rat, kidney | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 31.25 mg/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TOLED5 234,20,2015 |
| In Vitro/Rat, myocard | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.46 mmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 302,11,2012 |
| In Vitro/Rat, myocard | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.23 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | TXCYAC 306,176,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, myocard | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.46 mmol/L/6H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. | TXCYAC 306,176,2013 |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 29 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Tetany Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria | VCVGK* -,207,1994 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 25 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,207,1994 | |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 180 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,207,1994 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 344 mg/kg | GTPZAB 18(2),58,1974 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 160 mg/kg | Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,207,1994 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 620 mg/kg | Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,207,1994 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 620 mg/kg | JPETAB 80,233,1944 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 270 mg/kg | Cardiac: Other changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,207,1994 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 301 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tetany | VCVGK* -,207,1994 |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 750 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tetany | VCVGK* -,207,1994 |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 750 mg/kg | GTPZAB 18(2),58,1974 | |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published lethal dose: 80 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,207,1994 | |
| subcutaneous/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,207,1994 | |
| subcutaneous/frog | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1361,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | HBTXAC 5,58,1959 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,207,1994 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 300 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1361,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | VCVGK* -,207,1994 | |
| unreported route/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 160 mg/kg | BJCAAI 6,160,1952 | |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1440 mg/kg | GTPPAF 8,145,1972 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/4H/40D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | VCVGK* -,208,1994 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1680 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 13132 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 15792 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 39480 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 4550 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 15925 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 54600 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes primarily in glomeruli Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.213 mg/kg/213D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGK* -,208,1994 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 6776 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV299 -,-,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 gm/kg/28D- continuous | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | NTIS** PB92-174242 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 33600 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | NTIS** PB92-174242 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 mg/m3 (inhal, vapor, skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 47,75,1978 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,678,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 31,392,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 763,36,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 36,82,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 94,93,2016 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,61,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), skin, EC-limit, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (45 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), skin, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 1 ppm (4.5 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 2 ppm (9 mg/m3), Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 5 ppm (22 5 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO p-CRESOL-air | 10H time-weighted average 2.3 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 84266; Number of Industries 8; Total Number of Facilities 1057; Number of Occupations 14; Total Number of Employees Exposed 21313; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 16798 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 84266; Number of Industries 48; Total Number of Facilities 4394; Number of Occupations 34; Total Number of Employees Exposed 33253 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Cresol (all isomers) and phenol, 2546 | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: p-Cresol in urine, 8305 | |
| NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-09, October 2000 | |
| On EPA IRIS database |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health