Chromium(VI) oxide (1:3)
RTECS #
GB6650000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
100.00
Molecular Formula
CrO3
Synonyms
Anhydride chromique (French)
Anidride cromica (Italian)
Chrome (trioxyde de) (French)
Chromia (CrO3)
Chromic anhydride
Chromium oxide (Cr4O12)
Chromium trioxide
Chromium(6+) trioxide
Chromium(VI) oxide
Chromsaeureanhydrid (German)
Chromtrioxid (German)
Chroomtrioxyde (Dutch)
Chroomzuuranhydride (Dutch)
Cromo(triossido di) (Italian)
Monochromium trioxide
Puratronic chromium trioxide
Anidride cromica (Italian)
Chrome (trioxyde de) (French)
Chromia (CrO3)
Chromic anhydride
Chromium oxide (Cr4O12)
Chromium trioxide
Chromium(6+) trioxide
Chromium(VI) oxide
Chromsaeureanhydrid (German)
Chromtrioxid (German)
Chroomtrioxyde (Dutch)
Chroomzuuranhydride (Dutch)
Cromo(triossido di) (Italian)
Monochromium trioxide
Puratronic chromium trioxide
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | leukocyte/human | 2 mg/L | SAIGBL 18,136,1976 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 20 mg/kg | MUREAV 301,33,1993 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | mammary gland/mouse | 1 µmol/L/48H | MUREAV 67,221,1979 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | embryo/hamster | 68 µg/L | MUREAV 46,87,1977 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 250 µg/L | TXCYAC 17,219,1980 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/cattle | 5 mg/L/45M | MUREAV 750,105,2013 |
| DNA Damage | unreported route/non-mammalian species | 0.25 mmol/L | TOXRE* 1,894,2014 |
| DNA repair | /Salmonella typhimurium | 50 mmol/L | TOLED5 7,439,1981 |
| DNA repair | /Escherichia coli | 18700 ng/well | MUREAV 133,161,1984 |
| DNA repair | /Bacillus subtilis | 50 mmol/L | TOLED5 7,439,1981 |
| micronucleus test | ovary/hamster | 1 µmol/L | EMMUEG 17(Suppl 19),32,1991 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 20 mg/kg | EMS37* -,460,2006 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/human | 100 nmol/L | CNREA8 47,3815,1987 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | ovary/hamster | 6 µmol/L | CRNGDP 13,2053,1992 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Escherichia coli | 8 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 66,357,1979 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 1 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) | TOLED5 8,195,1981 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Salmonella typhimurium | 10 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) | AEMIDF 33,805,1977 |
| other mutation test systems | /Escherichia coli | 1500 nmol/tube | ENMUDM 8,571,1986 |
| sister chromatid exchange | ovary/hamster | 250 µg/L | TXCYAC 17,219,1980 |
| sister chromatid exchange | fibroblast/hamster | 320 µg/L | MUREAV 104,141,1982 |
| specific locus test | intraperitoneal/Drosophila melanogaster | 300 ppm | CYTOAN 51,421,1986 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 1 mmol/L | MUREAV 266,197,1992 |
| specific locus test | unreported route/Drosophila melanogaster | 2.5 mmol/L/24H | MUREAV 536,139,2003 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intravenous/hamster | 5 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | ENVRAL 16,101,1978 |
| intravenous/hamster | 7500 µg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | ENVRAL 16,101,1978 |
| intravenous/hamster | 7500 µg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Homeostasis | TJADAB 9,A17,1974 |
| intravenous/hamster | 8 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Body wall | ANREAK 199,89A,1981 |
| intravenous/hamster | 8 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | VCVN5* -,301,1989 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | 20 mg/kg (8D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | SEIJBO 19,171,1979 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| implant/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 125 mg/kg | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application | AIHAAP 20,274,1959 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 110 µg/m3/3Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | AGGHAR 13,528,1955 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 3480 µg/m3/2H/1Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Olfaction: Tumors | SAIGBL 29,17,1987 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 110 µg/m3 | YAKUD5 22,291,1980 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | ETOPFR 15,53,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | ETOPFR 17,117,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg | REPTED 22,91,2006 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 14 mg/kg | NEZAAQ 34,193,1979 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 58400 µg/kg | INJPD2 23,153,1991 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17100 µg/kg | INJPD2 23,153,1991 | |
| intravenous/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 9260 µg/kg | INJPD2 23,153,1991 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 127 mg/kg | CHYCDW 14,86,1980 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 80 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair | TRENAF 27,119,1976 |
| skin/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 55 mg/kg | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other | NTIS** OTS0537097 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 10.2 mg/kg | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | ETOPFR 27,259,2009 |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 20 mg/kg | SEIJBO 19,171,1979 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 29 µg/m3/20H/90D- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cabonic anhydrase | GISAAA 28(11),9,1963 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.03 mg/m3/24H/90D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | VCVN5* -,302,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/4H/28W- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Fibrosis (interstitial) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema | VCVN5* -,302,1989 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.2 mg/m3/1W- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) | ARTODN 78,363,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.5 mg/m3/13W- intermittent | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | ARTODN 78,363,2004 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.25 mg/m3/13W- intermittent | Blood: Hemorrhage Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ARTODN 78,363,2004 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 23,205,1980 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 23,205,1980 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 49,49,1990 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 100C,164,2012 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence | IMEMDT 49,49,1990 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 100C,164,2012 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 1 | IMEMDT 49,49,1990 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 1 | IMEMDT 100C,164,2012 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | 85DHAX Cr,22,1974 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 33,215,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTOEC 18,3,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,602,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,60,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HBTME* ,213,2007 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 0.5 mg(Cr)/m3 | DTLVS* 3,35,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.01 mg(Cr)/m3, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.005 mg(Cr)/m3, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(CrO4)/m3, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, VLE 0.1 mg(Cr)/m3, C1 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | ceiling concentration 0.05 mg/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, a2 sen, s1 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, sen, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.02 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Cr)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg(Cr)/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.01 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.03 mg/m3, Skin, Carcinogen, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.005 mg(Cr)/m3;short term exposure limit 0.015 mg(Cr)/m3, Carcinogen, Sen, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, carc 1, inhal, skin, sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.05 mg(Cr)/m3, carc, sen, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | ceiling concentration 0.1 mg(CrO3)/m3 | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CHROMIUM(VI)-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.001 mg(Cr)/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 19430; Number of Industries 55; Total Number of Facilities 2873; Number of Occupations 65; Total Number of Employees Exposed 68271; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 11533 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 19430; Number of Industries 28; Total Number of Facilities 1253; Number of Occupations 44; Total Number of Employees Exposed 20618 |
Status in Federal Agencies
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health