Carbon dioxide

RTECS #

FF6400000

CAS #

124-38-9
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

44.01

Molecular Formula

CO₂

Synonyms

Anhydride carbonique (French)
Carbon dioxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Carbon oxide
Carbonic acid anhydride
Carbonic acid gas
Carbonic anhydride
Dry ice
Khladon 744
Kohlendioxyd (German)
Kohlensaure (German)
R 744

Reproductive Effects Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	6 pph/24H (10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Cardiovascular (circulatory) system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Respiratory system	CIRUAL 8,1218,1960
inhalation/rat	6 pph/24H (10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)	CIRUAL 8,1218,1960
inhalation/mouse	55 pph/2H (3D male)	Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)	JRPFA4 13,165,1967
inhalation/mouse	55 pph/4H (6D male)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)	JRPFA4 13,165,1967
inhalation/mouse	2 pph/8H (10D pregnant)	Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	TJADAB 30,187,1984
inhalation/rabbit	13 pph/4H (9-12D pregnant)	Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system	ZMOAAN 56,165,1965

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 5 pph	Cardiac: Changes in coronary arteries Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section	VCVN1* -,327,1988
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 pph	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic	VCVN1* -,327,1988
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 11 pph		VCVN1* -,328,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.25 pph	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea Vascular: Other changes	VCVN1* -,328,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 2.5 pph	Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Behavioral: Headache Vascular: BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section	VCVN1* -,328,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 7 pph	Behavioral: Irritability Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease	VCVN1* -,328,1988
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 7 pph/20M	Behavioral: Excitement Behavioral: Change in psychophysiological tests	JOPSEQ 19,494,2005
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 pph/20M	Behavioral: Excitement	JOPSEQ 21,42,2007
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 9 pph/5M		TABIA2 3,231,1933
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	Lowest published lethal concentration: 90000 ppm/5M		AEPPAE 138,65,1928
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic concentration: 11 pph/2H	Blood: Normocytic anemia	VCVN1* -,327,1988
inhalation/mammal (species unspecified)	lowest published toxic concentration: 70 pph	Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: K	VCVN1* -,327,1988
inhalation/man	Lowest published lethal concentration: 40 pph/20M	Cardiac: Other changes	JEMME* 36,353,2009
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 20 pph	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema	VCVN1* -,327,1988
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 361 gm/m³/2H		TPKVAL 9,7,1967
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 200000 ppm/2H		TPKVAL 9,7,1967
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.1 pph/20M	Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Cabonic anhydrase	CEXPB9 27,95,2000
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 5 pph/5H	Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects	VCVN1* -,327,1988
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 3 pph/7D	Blood: Normocytic anemia	VCVN1* -,327,1988
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 21 pph/1H	Cardiac: Other changes Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)	VCVN1* -,327,1988

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/Dog	lowest published toxic concentration: 4 pph/1H/7D- intermittent	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count	TOXID9 72,296,2003
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 3 pph/5H/4W- intermittent	Olfaction: Change in sensation of smell Olfaction: Other olfaction effects	TOLED5 188,251,2009
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 3 pph/12H/4W- intermittent	Olfaction: Change in sensation of smell Olfaction: Other olfaction effects	TOLED5 188,251,2009
inhalation/rabbit	lowest published toxic concentration: 27000 ppm/24H/30D- continuous	Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)	JPETAB 78,11,1943
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 10000 ppm/24H/30D- continuous	Blood: Other changes	JPETAB 78,11,1943

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5000 ppm;short term exposure limit 30000 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EVHPAZ 11,163,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 140-141,239,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 140-141,125,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		JEADV* 13,14,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,639,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HUTOX* -,661,1996
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		REPTED 29,1,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NBREV* 5,1,1981
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		NTAPM* -,689,1995
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUTAEX 28,485,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 762,76,2014
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 262,142,2016
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		VETODR ,215,2018

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION		FEREAC 54,7740,1989
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1998 STATUS OF PESTICIDES	RED Completed	RBREV* -,299,1998
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,39,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 12500 ppm (22500 mg/m³) (in coal mines), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	short term exposure limit 30000 ppm (54000 mg/m³) (in coal mines), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 30000 ppm (54000 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³);KZW 10000 ppm (18000 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9131 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	short term exposure limit 30000 ppm (54784 mg/m³), Asphyxiant, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-EC	time-weighted average 9000 mg/m³ (5000 ppm), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9100 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 5000 ppm (9.1 gm/m³), 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 9 gm/m³, short term exposure limit 18 gm/m³, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	Occupational Exposure Limit 5000 ppm (9 gm/m³), MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), short term exposure limit 30000 ppm (54000 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 15000 ppm, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³); short term exposure limit 30000 ppm (54000 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³); short term exposure limit 30000 ppm (54000 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 9000 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 27000 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA	time-weighted average 5000 ppm, JUN2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³);short term exposure limit 10000 ppm (18000 mg/m³), JUN2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THAILAND	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 9000 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9.15 gm/m³);short term exposure limit 15000 ppm (27.4 gm/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 5000 ppm (9000 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO CARBON DIOXIDE-air	10H time-weighted average 5000 ppm;short term exposure limit 30000 ppm	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code X8532; Number of Industries 110; Total Number of Facilities 12913; Number of Occupations 95; Total Number of Employees Exposed 192401; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 17538
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 17367; Number of Industries 310; Total Number of Facilities 70119; Number of Occupations 186; Total Number of Employees Exposed 1121046; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 222613
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 17367; Number of Industries 239; Total Number of Facilities 35989; Number of Occupations 150; Total Number of Employees Exposed 447416

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Carbon dioxide, 6603
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-172

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health