Benzoyl peroxide

RTECS #

DM8575000

CAS #

94-36-0
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

March 2019

Molecular Weight

242.24

Molecular Formula

C₁₄H₁₀O₄

Synonyms

Acnegel
Aztec BPO
Benzoperoxide
Benzoyl peroxide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Benzoyl superoxide
Benzoylperoxid (German)
Benzoylperoxyde (Dutch)
BZF-60
Cadat BPO
Cadox B-CH 50
Cadox BS
Debroxide
Dibenzoyl peroxide
Dibenzoylperoxid (German)
Dibenzoylperoxyde (Dutch)
Diphenylglyoxal peroxide
Fostex
Garox
Incidol
Loroxide
Lucidol
Luperco AA
Luperco AST
Luperox FL
Nayper B and BO
Norox bzp-250
Norox bzp-C-35
Novadelox
Oxylite
Panoxyl
Perossido di benzoile (Italian)
Peroxide, dibenzoyl
Peroxyde de benzoyle (French)
Persadox
Quinolor compound
Superox 744
Theraderm
Topex
Vanoxide
Xerac

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	500 mg/24H	mild	85JCAE -,324,1986
skin /human	5%/48H		ADVEA4 34,68,1996
skin /human	5%/8W- intermittent	severe	ADVEA4 62,458,1982
skin /human	0.5%		CODEDG 61,209,2009
skin /woman	1%	moderate	CODEDG 57,386,2007

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
DNA Damage	other cell types/human	100 µmol/L	CNREA8 45,2522,1985
DNA Damage	other cell types/mouse	1 µmol/L	PAACA3 24,108,1983
DNA Damage	skin/mouse	242 mg/kg/4W- intermittent	CRNGDP 25,431,2004
DNA inhibition	other cell types/human	56 µmol/L	CNREA8 45,2522,1985
DNA repair	/Escherichia coli	250 µg/well	MUREAV 133,161,1984
morphological transform	fibroblast/mouse	0.1 µmol/L/21D (-enzymatic activation step)	EMMUEG 37,231,2001
mutation in mammalian somatic cells	kidney/human	300 µmol/L	CRNGDP 13,1783,1992
other mutation test systems	other cell types/human	56 µmol/L	CNREA8 45,2522,1985
specific locus test	fibroblast/mouse	25 µmol/L/5W	MUREAV 577S,1,2005
Unscheduled DNA Synthesis	liver/rat	100 pmol/L	CRNGDP 5,1547,1984

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 24 gm/kg/30W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors	SCIEAS 213,1023,1981
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 64000 mg/kg/40W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens	CRNGDP 21,811,2000
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 28800 mg/kg/18W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Facilitates action of known carcinogens	ARTODN 78,139,2004

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration (5 percent kill): 15.5 mg/L/30M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting	TIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3.5 mg/L/30M	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,857,2013
In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells	Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 41.0 mg/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 26,1150,2012
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte	Inhibitor Concentration (30 percent kill): 64 mg/L/45H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (dye exclusion): trypan blue assay etc.	TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, lymphocyte	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 28 mg/L/45H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 29,901,2015
In Vitro/Human, monocyte	Inhibitor Concentration Low: 33.3 mg/L/2H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 27,1233,2013
In Vitro/Human, skin	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 567.6 µmol/L/48H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc.	TXAPA9 245,281,2010
In Vitro/jrd	Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 11.2 mg/L/24H	In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays	TIVIEQ 28,626,2014
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 147 mg/kg		VCVGK* -,542,1994
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 372.8 mg/kg		VCVGK* -,543,1994
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1200 mg/kg		VCVGK* -,542,1994
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6400 mg/kg		VCVGK* -,542,1994
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7710 mg/kg	Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition	ARCOC* JUN1982
skin/mammal (species unspecified)	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >1 gm/kg		KODAK* #900713

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 121120 µg/kg/4W- intermittent	Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation	CRNGDP 25,431,2004

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence	IMEMDT 71,345,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 36,267,1985
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 36,267,1985
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence	IMEMDT 71,345,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)	Cancer Review:Group 3	IMEMDT 71,345,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CMTVAS 10(3),49,1973
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 488,151,2001
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		EMMUEG 43,143,2004
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		BPCEM* 17,237,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		MUREAV 533,153,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		DERCL* 27,289,2009
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TXAPA9 243,239,2010
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		RTOPDW 61,1,2011
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		VETOX* ,339,2018
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		VETOX* ,357,2018

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	DTLVS* 3,23,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 5 mg/m³;KZW 10 mg/m³, inhal, sen, 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 10 mg/m³, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 5 mg/m³, FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY	MAK 5 mg/m³, inhal, 2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, short term exposure limit 5 mg/m³, Skin, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN	s1 sen, MAY2012
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND	MAC(time-weighted average) 5 mg/m³, MAC(short term exposure limit) 10 mg/m³, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 5 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 5 mg/m³, OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO BENZOYL PEROXIDE-air	10H time-weighted average 5 mg/m³	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code 11280; Number of Industries 62; Total Number of Facilities 7331; Number of Occupations 75; Total Number of Employees Exposed 87420; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 11192
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974	Hazard Code 11280; Number of Industries 47; Total Number of Facilities 5255; Number of Occupations 42; Total Number of Employees Exposed 32909

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Benzoyl peroxide, 5009

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health