Benzene, ethyl-
RTECS #
DA0700000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
106.18
Molecular Formula
C8H10
Synonyms
Aethylbenzol (German)
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl benzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
Ethylbenzeen (Dutch)
Ethylbenzene
Ethylbenzol
Etilbenzene (Italian)
Etylobenzen (Polish)
NCI-C56393
Phenylethane
Ethyl benzene
Ethyl benzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
Ethylbenzeen (Dutch)
Ethylbenzene
Ethylbenzol
Etilbenzene (Italian)
Etylobenzen (Polish)
NCI-C56393
Phenylethane
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 500 mg | severe | AJOPAA 29,1363,1946 |
| skin /rabbit | 15 mg/24H open irritation test | mild | AIHAAP 23,95,1962 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| micronucleus test | embryo/hamster | 25 mg/L | MUREAV 392,61,1997 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 80 mg/L | EMMUEG 12,85,1988 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 10 mmol/L | MUREAV 116,379,1983 |
| specific locus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 754 µmol/L | MUREAV 608,29,2006 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 97 ppm/7H (15D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | NTIS** PB83-208074 |
| inhalation/rat | 985 ppm/7H (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** PB83-208074 |
| inhalation/rat | 96 ppm/7H (1-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** PB83-208074 |
| inhalation/rat | 600 mg/m3/24H (7-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| inhalation/rat | 2400 mg/m3/24H (7-15D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| inhalation/rabbit | 99 ppm/7H (1-18D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** PB83-208074 |
| inhalation/rabbit | 500 mg/m3/24H (7-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| inhalation/rabbit | 1 gm/m3/24H (7-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Abortion | ATSUDG 8,425,1985 |
| inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm/6H (6-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | FCTOD7 41,415,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | 1000 ppm (6-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | JAPTO* 27,32,2007 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Bronchogenic carcinoma Liver: Tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-466,1999 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 46350 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | NTIS** PB99-134694 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 46350 mg/kg/103W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors | NTIS** PB99-134694 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/1W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | TOSCF2 71,53,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/6H/2Y- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors | NTPTR* NTP-TR-466,1999 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 750 ppm/1W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | TOSCF2 71,53,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 23400 mg/kg/104W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | NTIS** PB99-134694 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 19500 mg/kg/104W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Kidney tumors | NTIS** PB99-134694 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (20 percent kill): 0.36 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 271,122,2010 |
| In Vitro/Human, leukemia cells | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.99 mmol/L/3H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 271,122,2010 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 10000 ppm | Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Eye: Lacrimation Behavioral: Tremor | PHRPA6 45,1241,1930 |
| inhalation/guinea pig | Lowest published lethal concentration: 2500 ppm/8H | Behavioral: Coma | NETEEC 24,503,2002 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 ppm/8H | Eye: Other eye effects Behavioral: Sleep Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | AIHAAP 31,206,1970 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 21700 mg/m3 | Behavioral: Antipsychotic | VCVGH* -,153,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 8700 mg/m3/6M | Eye: Lacrimation | VCVGH* -,153,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 4350 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Behavioral: Tolerance | VCVGH* -,153,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 4350 mg/m3 | Eye: Conjunctiva irritation | VCVGH* -,153,1990 |
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/4H | Cardiac: Pulse rate decreased with fall in BP Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | NRTXDN 24,179,2003 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 35500 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,152,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 10000 ppm | Behavioral: General anesthetic Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Body temperature decrease | VCVGH* -,152,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 5000 ppm/30M | VCVGH* -,152,1990 | |
| inhalation/mouse | Lowest published lethal concentration: 50 gm/m3/2H | GTPZAB 5(5),3,1961 | |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 600 ppm/6M | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression | TOLED5 9,137,1981 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 4000 ppm/4H | ENTOX* -,282,2005 | |
| inhalation/rat | Lowest published lethal concentration: 4000 ppm/4H | AIHAAP 23,95,1962 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 55000 mg/m3/2H | VCVGH* -,152,1990 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2624 µL/kg | ARTODN 58,106,1985 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1062 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.) | TXAPA9 179,74,2002 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3500 mg/kg | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | AMIHAB 14,387,1956 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3500 mg/kg | VCVGH* -,152,1990 | |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 565 mg/kg | Blood: Other changes | TXAPA9 250,162,2011 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17800 µL/kg | FCTXAV 13,803,1975 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): >5000 mg/kg | ENTOX* -,282,2005 | |
| skin/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.08 mL/kg | Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, irritative Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TXCYAC 255,100,2009 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/human | lowest published toxic concentration: 30 mg/m3/7Y- intermittent | Behavioral: Headache Behavioral: Irritability | VCVGH* -,154,1990 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 975 ppm/6H/97D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | NTPTR* NIH-92-3129 |
| inhalation/mouse | lowest published toxic concentration: 782 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | FAATDF 13,399,1989 |
| inhalation/rabbit | lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/4H/30W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood: Other changes Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count | GTPZAB 8(2),9,1964 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 550 ppm/8H/5D- intermittent | Ear: Change in acuity Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | NETEEC 24,503,2002 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/6H/8D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | FCTOD7 41,415,2003 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/15D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 44,1287,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/15D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | FCTOD7 44,1287,2006 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 1000 ppm/7D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JAPTO* 27,32,2007 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 200 ppm/13W- intermittent | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | ARTODN 81,127,2007 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 740 ppm/6H/92D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Changes in lung weight Liver: Changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight | NTPTR* NIH-92-3129 |
| inhalation/rat | lowest published toxic concentration: 782 ppm/6H/4W- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Blood: Changes in platelet count | FAATDF 13,399,1989 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 1386 mg/kg/24W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | VCVGH* -,154,1990 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 8993 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Ear: Change in cochlear structure or function | ARTODN 79,346,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1750 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | MUREAV 746,144,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52500 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | TOLED5 255,11,2016 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 20 ppm | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 77,564,2000 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 77,564,2000 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2B | IMEMDT 77,564,2000 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,21,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 127,111,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 128,99,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,261,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,109,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,151,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,282,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 635,81,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 566,49,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HUTOX* -,577,1996 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 674,101,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 47,1287,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 721,27,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 49,1877,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 762,76,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 770,92,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,68,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,205,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,167,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 59,364,2011 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | DTLVS* 3,104,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 100 ppm (434 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 125 ppm (543 mg/m3), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | MAK-TMW 100 ppm (440 mg/m3);KZW 200 ppm (880 mg/m3), skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | short term exposure limit 125 ppm (551 mg/m3), Skin, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 50 ppm (217 mg/m3), carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-EC | time-weighted average 442 mg/m3 (100 ppm);short term exposure limit 884 mg/m3 (200 ppm), skin, JUN2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (220 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (880 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 100 ppm (442 mg/m3), VLE 200 ppm (884 mg/m3), Skin, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-GERMANY | MAK 20 ppm (88 mg/m3), skin, 2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | time-weighted average 442 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 884 mg/m3, Skin, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 200 ppm (884 mg/m3), skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 50 ppm (217 mg/m3), 2B carc, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 125 ppm (545 mg/m3), 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 125 ppm (545 mg/m3), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 100 ppm (434 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 125 ppm (543 mg/m3), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 50 ppm (220 mg/m3), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 100 ppm (434 mg/m3); short term exposure limit 125 ppm (543 mg/m3), JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | MAC(time-weighted average) 100 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 350 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 50 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 150 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 100 ppm (450 mg/m3), JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | ceiling concentration 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), skin, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 215 mg/m3, Skin, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-TURKEY | time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3), JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 100 ppm (441 mg/m3);short term exposure limit 125 ppm (552 mg/m3), skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ETHYL BENZENE-air | 10H time-weighted average 100 ppm;short term exposure limit 125 ppm | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 31830; Number of Industries 126; Total Number of Facilities 17633; Number of Occupations 92; Total Number of Employees Exposed 201833; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 34405 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 31830; Number of Industries 64; Total Number of Facilities 7190; Number of Occupations 55; Total Number of Employees Exposed 57442 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/99/166647) | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);clear evidence:rat | |
| NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:mouse | |
| NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, aromatic, 1501 | |
| NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (inhalation):some evidence:mouse NTPTR* NTP-TR-475,1998 | |
| NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-10, October 2000 | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #1002 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health