Ammonium chloride
RTECS #
BP4550000
CAS #
Updated
December 2018
Molecular Weight
53.50
Molecular Formula
ClH4N
Synonyms
Amchlor
Ammoneric
Ammonium chloride (ACGIH)
Ammonium muriate
Ammoniumchlorid (German)
Chlorid amonny (Czech)
Darammon
Sal ammonia
Sal ammoniac
Salammonite
Salmiac
Ammoneric
Ammonium chloride (ACGIH)
Ammonium muriate
Ammoniumchlorid (German)
Chlorid amonny (Czech)
Darammon
Sal ammonia
Sal ammoniac
Salammonite
Salmiac
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 28ZPAK -,15,1972 |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg | severe | LPPTAK 24,598,1976 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/hamster | 400 mg/L | FCTOD7 22,623,1984 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 58 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
| In Vitro/Human, melanoma | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 656.4 mg/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | FCTOD7 50,2084,2012 |
| In Vitro/mqa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 30 mmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 239,131,2015 |
| In Vitro/pax | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,2041,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, glioma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | TIVIEQ 29,1350,2015 |
| intramuscular/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg | EMSUA8 4,223,1946 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 485 mg/kg | COREAF 256,1043,1963 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 250 mg/kg | VCVN5* -,17,1993 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published lethal dose: 140 mg/kg | VCVN5* -,17,1993 | |
| intravenous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 220 mg/kg | 27ZWAY 1,470,1923 | |
| intravenous/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 358 mg/kg | Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | JCINAO 37,497,1958 |
| intravenous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 78 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 | |
| oral/Dog | lowest published lethal dose: 0.02 gm/kg | VCVN5* -,17,1993 | |
| oral/domestic animal | lowest published lethal dose: 1500 mg/kg | Eye: Mydriasis (pupilliary dilation) Behavioral: Tremor Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation | AJVRAH 32,1229,1971 |
| oral/infant | lowest published lethal dose: 2 gm/kg | Cardiac: Other changes | AJEMEN 6,506,1988 |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1300 mg/kg | IYKEDH 21,257,1990 | |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1500 mg/kg | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum | FTRPAE 82,1290,2011 |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 0.005 gm/kg | VCVN5* -,17,1993 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1650 mg/kg | 28ZPAK -,15,1972 | |
| parenteral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 214 gm/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving trigeminal nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve | JCINAO 118,4049,2008 |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 72 mg/kg | HBAMAK 4,1289,1935 | |
| subcutaneous/mouse | lowest published lethal dose: 500 mg/kg | 27ZIAQ -,39,1973 | |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 200 mg/kg | 27ZWAY 1,470,1923 | |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 550 mg/kg | FRXXBL #2444025 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2400 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | SIMEJ* 49,650,2008 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5600 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Conditioned vitamin deficiency Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCLPH* 20,299,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5 gm/kg/5D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Sputum | JOETD7 193,663,2016 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 75.6 gm/kg/12W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition | TXAPA9 251,234,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 535.5 gm/kg/85W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Tumorigenic: Protects against induction of experimental tumors | TXAPA9 251,234,2011 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 51660 mg/kg/10W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | FAATDF 40,247,1997 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 56100 mg/kg/170D- intermittent | Endocrine: Changes in spleen weight Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight | VCVN5* -,17,1989 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 35.3 gm/kg/4W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in kidney weight | FCTOD7 42,135,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 52.9 gm/kg/6W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca | FCTOD7 42,135,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3500 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Metabolic acidosis | FCTOD7 42,135,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 29.4 gm/kg/4W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | FCTOD7 42,135,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 455 gm/kg/130W- continuous | Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia | FCTOD7 42,135,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 44.1 gm/kg/6W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: Ca Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Changes in: P | FCTOD7 42,135,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 556 gm/kg/78W- continuous | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) | FCTOD7 42,135,2004 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FEREAC 74,51481,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,294,2009 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 | DTLVS* 3,12,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 10 mg/m3 (fume), FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (fume), NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3 (fume); short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (vapors and fumes), JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | short term exposure limit 10 mg/m3, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 3 mg/m3, resp, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS | MAC-TGG 10 mg/m3, 2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 (fume), OCT2007 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO AMMONIUM CHLORIDE-air | 10H time-weighted average 10 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 20 mg/m3 | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 05270; Number of Industries 180; Total Number of Facilities 24833; Number of Occupations 131; Total Number of Employees Exposed 415676; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 139037 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 05270; Number of Industries 223; Total Number of Facilities 29596; Number of Occupations 97; Total Number of Employees Exposed 259567 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health