Acrylamide
RTECS #
AS3325000
CAS #
Updated
March 2019
Molecular Weight
71.09
Molecular Formula
C3H5NO
Synonyms
2-Propenamide
2-Propenamide (9CI)
Acrylamide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Acrylamide monomer
Acrylic amide
Akrylamid (Czech)
Amid kyseliny akrylove (Czech)
Ethylenecarboxamide
Propenamide
Propenoic acid amide
RCRA waste number U007
Vinyl amide
2-Propenamide (9CI)
Acrylamide (ACGIH:OSHA)
Acrylamide monomer
Acrylic amide
Akrylamid (Czech)
Amid kyseliny akrylove (Czech)
Ethylenecarboxamide
Propenamide
Propenoic acid amide
RCRA waste number U007
Vinyl amide
Skin and Eye Irritation and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| eye /rabbit | 10 mg/30S rinse | mild | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 |
| eye /rabbit | 100 mg/24H | moderate | 28ZPAK -,54,1972 |
| eye /rabbit | 10% | mild | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| eye /rabbit | 82 mg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| skin /rabbit | 50 mg/3D | mild | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 |
| skin /rabbit | 500 mg/24H | mild | 85JCAE -,337,1986 |
Mutation Data and Reference
| System Test | Route/Organism/Tissue | Dose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytogenetic Analysis | oral/mouse | 500 ppm/2W- intermittent | MUREAV 57,313,1978 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lymphocyte/mouse | 750 mg/L | ENMUDM 9,261,1987 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 100 mg/kg | MUREAV 209,91,1988 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 150 mg/L | ESKHA5 (103),64,1985 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | fibroblast/hamster | 500 mg/L | MUREAV 245,191,1990 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 2 mmol/L | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/mouse | 50 mg/kg | TOVEFN (4),25,1998 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | ovary/hamster | 284000 µg/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step) | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| Cytogenetic Analysis | lung/hamster | 2 mmol/L/16H | MUREAV 678,87,2009 |
| DNA adduct | oral/rat | 0.1 mg/kg | TXAPA9 208,199,2005 |
| DNA adduct | lung/human | 320 µmol/L/4H | JNCIEQ 96,1023,2004 |
| DNA adduct | fibroblast/mouse | 3.2 mmol/L/4H | JNCIEQ 95,889,2003 |
| DNA adduct | unreported route/mouse | 100 µg/kg | MUTAEX 19,499,2004 |
| DNA adduct | oral/mouse | 28 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | TOXID9 -,144,2009 |
| DNA adduct | oral/mouse | 12.5 mg/kg/1D | TOXID9 -,395,2009 |
| DNA adduct | intraperitoneal/mouse | 1 mg/kg | CRTOEC 16,1328,2003 |
| DNA adduct | oral/mouse | 3 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | MUREAV 580,131,2005 |
| DNA adduct | oral/rat | 3 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | MUREAV 580,131,2005 |
| DNA adduct | oral/mouse | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 580,131,2005 |
| DNA adduct | intraperitoneal/rat | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 580,131,2005 |
| DNA Damage | lung/hamster | 6 mmol/L/24H | MUREAV 580,71,2005 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 10 mmol/L/4H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 36 mg/kg | MUREAV 580,119,2005 |
| DNA Damage | unreported route/mouse | 5 mg/kg | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| DNA Damage | intraperitoneal/mouse | 125 mg/kg/5D | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| DNA Damage | intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 603,145,2006 |
| DNA Damage | mammary gland/human | 2.1 mg/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 588,47,2005 |
| DNA Damage | oral/mouse | 50 mg/kg/4D | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 50 mg/kg/4D | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| DNA Damage | fibroblast/mouse | 3.2 µmol/L/4H | JNCIEQ 95,889,2003 |
| DNA Damage | liver/human | 10 mmol/L | NSAPCC 372(Suppl 1),115,2006 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/mouse | 12 mmol/L/4H | FCTOD7 46,628,2008 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 1 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 743,25,2012 |
| DNA Damage | sperm/human | 3 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 743,25,2012 |
| DNA Damage | lymphocyte/human | 0.5 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 743,25,2012 |
| DNA Damage | sperm/human | 0.5 mmol/L (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 743,25,2012 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 60 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | MUREAV 702,40,2010 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 145 mg/kg/29D- intermittent | MUREAV 702,40,2010 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 5000 µmol/L/24H | MUTAEX 25,555,2010 |
| DNA Damage | oral/rat | 100 mg/kg/21H- intermittent | MUREAV 786-788,3,2015 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/hamster | 150000 µg/L/24H (-enzymatic activation step) | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| DNA Damage | other cell types/human | 600 µmol/L/90M | FCTOD7 95,96,2016 |
| DNA inhibition | other cell types/rat | 1 mmol/L | TIVIEQ 2,69,1988 |
| DNA repair | oral/rat | 3 mg/kg/50D | TOXRE* 3,414,2016 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/rat | 150 mg/kg/5D-continuous | MUTAEX 2,215,1987 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 125 mg/kg | MUREAV 173,35,1986 |
| Dominant Lethal Test | oral/mouse | 840 mg/kg/20W-continuous | EMMUEG 17(Suppl 19),11,1991 |
| heritable translocation test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| host-mediated assay | unreported route/mouse | 500 mg/kg | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 75 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | MUREAV 649,101,2008 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 75 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | MUREAV 649,101,2008 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 125 mg/kg/3W-continuous | EMMUEG 47,6,2006 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 280 mg/kg/28D-continuous | TOXID9 -,395,2009 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 6 mg/kg | MUREAV 535,215,2003 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 125 mg/kg/5D | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 50 mg/kg/4D | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| micronucleus test | subcutaneous/mouse | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 580,111,2005 |
| micronucleus test | other cell types/human | 10 mmol/L/4H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| micronucleus test | intraperitoneal/rat | 100 mg/kg | MUREAV 309,245,1994 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 84 mg/kg/28D | EMMUEG 44,179,2004 |
| micronucleus test | fibroblast/mouse | 100 mg/L | MUTAEX 16,145,2001 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 420 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | JAPTO* 28,484,2008 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 112 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | TOXID9 -,144,2009 |
| micronucleus test | oral/rat | 125 mg/kg | FCTOD7 47,2120,2009 |
| micronucleus test | multiple/other fish | 10 mg/L/96H-continuous | FCTOD7 62,318,2013 |
| micronucleus test | oral/mouse | 360 mg/kg/30D- intermittent | MUTAEX 31,617,2016 |
| morphological transform | fibroblast/mouse | 12500 µg/L | CALEDQ 32,293,1986 |
| morphological transform | embryo/mouse | 25 mg/L | CALEDQ 32,293,1986 |
| morphological transform | embryo/hamster | 0.5 mmol/L/7D | TOSCF2 65,177,2002 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | lymphocyte/mouse | 500 mg/L | ENMUDM 9,261,1987 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | oral/rat | 560 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | FCTOD7 87,120,2016 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | oral/rat | 840 mg/kg/30W-continuous | JTSCDR 34,407,2009 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| mutation in mammalian somatic cells | other cell types/mouse | 7500000 µg/L/2H (+/-enzymatic activation step) | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| mutation in microorganisms | lymphocyte/mouse | 300 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) | MUTAEX 3,263,1988 |
| mutation in microorganisms | /Saccharomyes cerevisiae | 200 mg/l/10M | MUREAV 673,53,2009 |
| other mutation test systems | other cell types/human | 500 µmol/L/20H (+enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 746,124,2012 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | intraperitoneal/mouse | 120 mg/kg | MUREAV 367,195,1996 |
| sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction | lung/hamster | 500 mg/L | MUREAV 245,191,1990 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lung/hamster | 300 mg/L | MUTAEX 3,263,1988 |
| sister chromatid exchange | oral/rat | 600 mg/kg/10D-continuous | ENMUDM 7(Suppl 3),79,1985 |
| sister chromatid exchange | intraperitoneal/mouse | 125 µg/kg | EMMUEG 13,218,1989 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lung/hamster | 2 mmol/L | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lung/hamster | 200 µmol/L/32H | MUREAV 580,41,2005 |
| sister chromatid exchange | lymphocyte/human | 2000 µmol/L/46H | MUREAV 752,1,2013 |
| specific locus test | other cell types/human | 10 mmol/L/4H (-enzymatic activation step) | MUREAV 577S,1,2005 |
| specific locus test | oral/mouse | 25 mg/kg/3W-continuous | EMMUEG 47,6,2006 |
| specific locus test | oral/mouse | 125 mg/kg/4W-continuous | EMMUEG 47,6,2006 |
| specific locus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 50 mg/kg | MUREAV 226,157,1989 |
| specific locus test | oral/Drosophila melanogaster | 1 mmol/L | MUTAEX 3,263,1988 |
| specific locus test | intraperitoneal/mouse | 175 mg/kg/7D | MUREAV 540,141,2003 |
| specific locus test | oral/mouse | 16.8 mg/kg/28D | EMMUEG 44,179,2004 |
| sperm morphology | intraperitoneal/mouse | 100 mg/kg | MUREAV 57,313,1978 |
| sperm morphology | oral/mouse | 96634 µg/kg/4W-continuous | ARTODN 59,201,1986 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | mammary gland/human | 1 mmol/L | EMMUEG 20,148,1992 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 150 mg/kg/5D-continuous | EMMUEG 20,148,1992 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | oral/rat | 14 mg/kg/7D-continuous | TOXID9 66,182,2002 |
| Unscheduled DNA Synthesis | intraperitoneal/mouse | 62500 µg/kg | EMMUEG 16,137,1990 |
Reproductive Effects Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| inhalation/rat | 300 ppm/6H (6-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | TOSCF2 48,240,1999 |
| inhalation/rat | 225 mg/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | REPTED 14,147,2000 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 350 mg/kg (7D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | NRTXDN 13,219,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | 400 mg/kg (8D male) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NRTXDN 13,219,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 125 mg/kg (1D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 225 mg/kg (10-12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | MUREAV 226,157,1989 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 125 mg/kg (1D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | CGANE7 34,35,1994 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 250 mg/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | CGANE7 34,35,1994 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | 300 mg/kg (8-10D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | CGANE7 34,35,1994 |
| intraperitoneal/mammal (species unspecified) | 75 mg/kg (12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | MUREAV 226,157,1989 |
| intraperitoneal/mammal (species unspecified) | 225 mg/kg (10-12D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | MUREAV 226,157,1989 |
| oral/mouse | 840 mg/kg (20W male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | EMMUEG 17,11,1991 |
| oral/rat | 16 mg/kg (7-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | NETEEC 27,553,2005 |
| oral/rat | 160 mg/kg (7-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 27,553,2005 |
| oral/rat | 32.1 mg/kg (6D preg-91D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 29,407,2007 |
| oral/rat | 80 mg/kg (6D preg-22D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 29,407,2007 |
| oral/rat | 150 mg/kg (7-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | TERP2* -,312,2004 |
| oral/rat | 148.5 mg/kg (10-22D preg/2D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | 567.8 mg/kg (10-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | 567.8 mg/kg (10-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | 754.8 mg/kg (10-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | 754.8 mg/kg (10-22D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | 188 mg/kg (6D preg-172D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 30,254,2008 |
| oral/mouse | 125 mg/kg (5D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | TOXID9 -,14,2009 |
| oral/mouse | 571 mg/kg (16D male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ARTODN 47,179,1981 |
| oral/mouse | 95 gm/kg (4W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | ARTODN 59,201,1986 |
| oral/mouse | 95 gm/kg (4W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | ARTODN 59,201,1986 |
| oral/mouse | 71 gm/kg (4W male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | ARTODN 59,201,1986 |
| oral/rat | 200 mg/kg (7-16D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Biochemical and metabolic | TOLED5 7,233,1981 |
| oral/rat | 560 mg/kg (6-21D preg/10D after birth) | Reproductive: Maternal effects: Parturition Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Stillbirth Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | NETEEC 17,189,1995 |
| oral/rat | 75 mg/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) | TJADAB 35,37A,1987 |
| oral/rat | 140 mg/kg (2W pre-3W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | JTEHD6 17,457,1986 |
| oral/rat | 150 mg/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | MUTAEX 2,215,1987 |
| oral/rat | 810 mg/kg (70D male/70D prior to copulation/22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 28,196,2009 |
| oral/rat | 810 mg/kg (70D male/70D prior to copulation/22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | REPTED 28,196,2009 |
| oral/rat | 5 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | REPTED 28,196,2009 |
| oral/rat | 285 mg/kg (14D pre-21D after birth) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| oral/rat | 565 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Other effects on male Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| oral/rat | 160 mg/kg (6-21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | ARTODN 83,785,2009 |
| oral/rat | 85 mg/kg (multigeneration) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | NETEEC 32,220,2010 |
| oral/rat | 85 mg/kg (6-22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | NETEEC 32,373,2010 |
| oral/rat | 175 mg/kg (6-19D pregnant) | Reproductive: Other effects on female Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | NETEEC 49,49,2015 |
| oral/rat | 500 mg/kg (1-20D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Central nervous system | NETEEC 67,37,2018 |
| oral/rat | 225 mg/kg (5D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetal death | REPTED 14,147,2000 |
| oral/rat | 945 mg/kg (70D male/70D pre-4W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | 945 mg/kg (70D male/70D pre-4W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | 378 mg/kg (70D male/70D pre-4W after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | 945 mg/kg (multigeneration)) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | 945 mg/kg (multigeneration)) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | 35 mg/kg (70D male/70D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/mouse | 3462.48 mg/kg (189D male/189D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** PB93-158285 |
| oral/mouse | 1282.4 mg/kg (140D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | NTIS** PB93-158285 |
| oral/mouse | 2.39 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** PB93-158285 |
| oral/mouse | 540 mg/kg (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system | NTIS** #PB89-140008/AS |
| oral/mouse | 180 mg/kg (6-17D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) | NTIS** #PB89-140008/AS |
| oral/rat | 700 mg/kg (10W male/10W prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 810 mg/kg (10W male/10W prior to copulation/22D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 2 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 5 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Other developmental abnormalities | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 5 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 2 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 350 mg/kg (10W male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 308 mg/kg (1W male/1W prior to copulation/21D pregnant) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 8.8 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 8.8 mg/kg (multigenerations) | Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Urogenital system | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 862.4 mg/kg (98D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | 862.4 mg/kg (98D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Other measures of fertility | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 700 mg/kg (56D male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 700 mg/kg (56D prior to copulation) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Female fertility index (e.g., # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 560 mg/kg (2W prior to copulation/21D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 280 mg/kg (2W prior to copulation/21D preg/21D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Mating performance (e.g., # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 336 mg/kg (4W male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Male fertility index (e.g., # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 35 mg/kg (4W male) | Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | 70 mg/kg (4W male) | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| unreported route/rat | 348 mg/kg (6D preg-13D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TOXID9 -,35,2009 |
| unreported route/rat | 320 mg/kg (6D preg-4D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) | TOXID9 -,35,2009 |
| unreported route/rat | 432 mg/kg (6D preg-11D after birth) | Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Behavioral | TOXID9 -,35,2009 |
Tumorigenic Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | CNREA8 44,107,1984 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | toxic dose: 72 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors | CNREA8 44,107,1984 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors | CALEDQ 24,209,1984 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors Tumorigenic: Increased incidence of tumors in susceptible strains | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1456 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Testicular tumors | TXAPA9 85,154,1986 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 1456 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Uterine tumors | TXAPA9 85,154,1986 |
| oral/rat | toxic dose: 1460 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors | NTIS** OTS0555720 |
Acute Toxicity Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/16H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TXCYAC 288,43,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay | TXCYAC 288,43,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | TXCYAC 288,43,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TXCYAC 288,43,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, colon tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphokinase | TXCYAC 288,43,2011 |
| In Vitro/Human, endothelium | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/16H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 83,140,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, endothelium | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 50 mmol/L/16H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | FCTOD7 83,140,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, endothelium | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/130D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 83,140,2015 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TOLED5 217,111,2013 |
| In Vitro/Human, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.8 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 3,189,1989 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1000 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 750 µmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 250 µmol/L/6D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/6D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 500 µmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 nmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.01 nmol/L/6D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 mmol/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TXAPA9 310,68,2016 |
| In Vitro/Human, neuroblastoma | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2.5 mmol/L/8H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TXAPA9 310,68,2016 |
| In Vitro/jah | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 51,446,2013 |
| In Vitro/jah | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 51,446,2013 |
| In Vitro/jah | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 51,446,2013 |
| In Vitro/jah | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 51,446,2013 |
| In Vitro/jah | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | FCTOD7 51,446,2013 |
| In Vitro/jah | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 2 mmol/L/30M | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 51,446,2013 |
| In Vitro/jda | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.7 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell Viability (cell death), unspecified assay In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 108,543,2017 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | FCTOD7 58,306,2013 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/2H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 58,306,2013 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/4H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 58,306,2013 |
| In Vitro/jrd | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/12H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 58,306,2013 |
| In Vitro/jzx | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.5 mmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TIVIEQ 26,897,2012 |
| In Vitro/maa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 0.1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 39,119,2017 |
| In Vitro/maa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/96H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | FCTOD7 106,25,2017 |
| In Vitro/maa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 106,25,2017 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, fibroblast | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1.16 mmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 27,1357,2013 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, liver | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 3.5 mmol/L | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCTOD7 50,3306,2012 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 5.7 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | NRTXDN 43,117,2014 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.6 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 43,117,2014 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1000 µmol/L/48H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/72H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell counting | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 750 µmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1000 µmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 500 µmol/L/3D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Apoptosis in vitro | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 100 µmol/L/6D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 10 µmol/L/10D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/Mouse, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/10D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell differentiation | TIVIEQ 35,100,2016 |
| In Vitro/mtb | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 7.6 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | NRTXDN 43,117,2014 |
| In Vitro/mtb | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.6 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 43,117,2014 |
| In Vitro/paa | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1.06 mmol/L/44H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | TIVIEQ 27,1416,2013 |
| In Vitro/Rat, cerebellum | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 0.52 mmol/L/8D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell proliferation: DNA incorporation, mitotic index etc. | TIVIEQ 2,69,1988 |
| In Vitro/Rat, endocrine tumor | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 5 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 102,93,2017 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 818 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 801 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 768 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 344 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 880 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell membrane integrity: Cytoplasmic enzymes leakage (lactate dehydrogenase, ATP enzymes etc.) | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 1430 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 977 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell protein synthesis | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, liver tumor | Inhibitor Concentration (50 percent kill): 671 mg/L/20H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (lysosomal damage): neutral red assay etc. | TIVIEQ 5,543,1991 |
| In Vitro/Rat, myocard | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 1 µmol/L/6D | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell morphology: overgrowth of cell appendixes etc. In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | FCTOD7 71,68,2014 |
| In Vitro/Rat, neurons | Inhibitor Concentration Low: 40 µmol/L/1H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Other assays | NRTXDN 44,204,2014 |
| In Vitro/Rat, testis | Inhibitor Concentration (25 percent kill): 1.140 mmol/L/24H | In Vitro Toxicity Studies: Cell viability (mitochondrial reductase assays): MTT, XTT, MTS, WSTs assays etc. | FCTOD7 119,268,2018 |
| inhalation/mouse | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >5.7 ppm/6H | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| inhalation/rat | lethal concentration (50 percent kill): >5.7 ppm/6H | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| intraperitoneal/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 170 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 170 mg/kg | TXAPA9 33,142,1975 | |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 90 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| intravenous/mammal (species unspecified) | lowest published lethal dose: 190 mg/kg | COREAF 153,895,1911 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 | |
| oral/guinea pig | lowest published lethal dose: 252 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/mammal (species unspecified) | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg | KASEAA 17,495,1979 | |
| oral/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 107 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/quail | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 186 mg/kg | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | JTEHD6 7,935,1981 |
| oral/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 | |
| oral/rabbit | lowest published lethal dose: 126 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 203 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 124 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| oral/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 175 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold | HPV308 -,-,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Blood: Other changes | TOXID9 72(Suppl 1),248,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOSCF2 71,164,2003 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1150 mg/kg | ENTOX* -,42,2005 | |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1680 µL/kg | Behavioral: Hallucinations, distorted perceptions | ATDAEI 1,115,1990 |
| skin/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1.68 mL/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| skin/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 400 mg/kg | Blood: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases | GISAAA 44(10),73,1979 |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 170 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | MELAAD 47,192,1956 |
| subcutaneous/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 170 mg/kg | HPV308 -,-,2001 | |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.91 mmol/L 144H | Eye: Other eye effects Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction) | REPTED 33,142,2012 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 0.91 mmol/L 144H | Blood: Other changes Musculoskeletal: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other glands | REPTED 33,142,2012 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 10.55 mmol/L 24H | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | REPTED 33,142,2012 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 10.55 mmol/L 48H | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | REPTED 33,142,2012 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 3.77 mmol/L 72H | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | REPTED 33,142,2012 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 1.88 mmol/L 144H | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | REPTED 33,142,2012 |
| Tank with water/Zebrafish | lowest published toxic concentration: 2.5 mmol/L/6D | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Reproductive: Other effects to embryo or fetus | TXAPA9 310,68,2016 |
| unreported route/guinea pig | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 173 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | GISAAA 43(9),38,1978 |
| unreported route/mouse | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 156 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | GISAAA 43(9),38,1978 |
| unreported route/rabbit | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 280 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | GISAAA 43(9),38,1978 |
| unreported route/rat | lethal dose (50 percent kill): 208 mg/kg | Behavioral: Tremor Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | GISAAA 43(9),38,1978 |
Other Multiple Dose Data and References
| Route/Organism | Dose | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| intramuscular/cat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Muscle weakness | TXAPA9 88,175,1987 |
| intraperitoneal/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/2D- intermittent | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion Liver: Fatty liver degeneration Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 |
| intraperitoneal/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/3D- continuous | Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Liver: Changes in liver weight Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases | FCTOD7 50,3306,2012 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TOLED5 193,86,2010 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | NRTXDN 28,252,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 1200 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 63,470,1982 |
| intraperitoneal/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | NEZAAQ 50,292,1995 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 108 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects | NETEEC 14,273,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 168 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | TXAPA9 40,589,1977 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 780 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Spinal Cord: Demyelination Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Ataxia | FAATDF 18,343,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other transferases | ENVRAL 61,37,1993 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 120 mg/kg/12D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Phosphatases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | WDZAEK 6,71,1992 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases | NRTXDN 22,341,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Muscle weakness Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other | NETEEC 22,247,2000 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,397,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,95,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | TXAPA9 188,135,2003 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | NRTXDN 23,397,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,397,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,95,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | NRTXDN 23,95,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes | NRTXDN 23,415,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | NRTXDN 23,415,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,415,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 44,316,2005 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/12D- intermittent | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | TOXID9 44,317,2005 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia | FCTOD7 45,2126,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 30 mg/kg/1W- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) | FCTOD7 45,2126,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg/2W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | FCTOD7 45,2126,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/1W- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria | FCTOD7 45,2126,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 78,62,2004 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/9D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Ataxia Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on Na-K pump | TOXID9 66,15,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | TOXID9 66,17,2002 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | TOXID9 60,366,2001 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 480 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXCYAC 217,46,2006 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | NRTXDN 28,252,2007 |
| intraperitoneal/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| intravenous/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 200 mg/kg/4D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 |
| multiple/non-mammalian species | lowest published toxic dose: 59 gm/m3/4D- continuous | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | REPTED 22,263,2006 |
| oral/cat | lowest published toxic dose: 260 mg/kg/1Y- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/cat | lowest published toxic dose: 771 mg/kg/1Y- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 |
| oral/chicken | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | BJIMAG 32,31,1975 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 330 mg/kg/22D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia | ARZNAD 23,1566,1973 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 392 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting | JNNPAU 44,906,1981 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 330 mg/kg/22D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from afferent nerve | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 392 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Behavioral: Ataxia | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/Dog | lowest published toxic dose: 239.4 mg/kg/6W- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/44D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral: Tremor | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 650 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Eye: Optic nerve neuropathy | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 671 mg/kg/75W- intermittent | Autonomic Nervous System: Other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TXAPA9 6,172,1964 |
| oral/monkey | lowest published toxic dose: 450 mg/kg/61D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve | TXAPA9 71,266,1983 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 568 mg/kg/8W- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | ARTODN 47,179,1981 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 5.04 mg/kg/1W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | NTIS** PB93-158285 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 451.71 mg/kg/27W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | NTIS** PB93-158285 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 105 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | TOLED5 135,S52,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | TOLED5 135,S52,2002 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 540 mg/kg/12D- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB89-140008/AS |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 238 mg/kg/17W- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 238 mg/kg/17W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 806 mg/kg/75D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Behavioral: Muscle weakness Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 568 mg/kg/8W- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2100 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Liver: Other changes | EMMUEG 49,741,2008 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2058 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | EMMUEG 47,6,2006 |
| oral/mouse | lowest published toxic dose: 2100 mg/kg/3W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 -,78,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 111 mg/kg/5D- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 244.2 mg/kg/11D- continuous | Behavioral: Fluid intake Behavioral: Ataxia | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 344 mg/kg/20D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 567.8 mg/kg/34D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 450.9 mg/kg/27D- continuous | Behavioral: Ataxia | JTSCDR 33,11,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 230,208,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Endocrine: Other changes | TXAPA9 230,208,2008 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 210 mg/kg/1W- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 17,37,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 17,37,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1890 mg/kg/9W- intermittent | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JTPAE7 17,37,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change | JTPAE7 17,37,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1050 mg/kg/5W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change | JTPAE7 17,37,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/4W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | ARTODN 79,531,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 980 mg/kg/49D- continuous | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis with appropriate anesthesia Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 78,62,2004 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1219 mg/kg/49D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral: Ataxia Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on Na-K pump | TOXID9 66,15,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 550 mg/kg/11D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Evidence of thyroid hypofunction Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JAPTO* 26,198,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 mg/kg/7D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | JAPTO* 26,198,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 250 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change | JAPTO* 26,198,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 12250 µg/kg/7W- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | TXCYAC 219,133,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1750 µg/kg/10W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation | TXCYAC 219,133,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 350 µg/kg/10W- continuous | Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes | TXCYAC 219,133,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 35 µg/kg/10W- continuous | Liver: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases | TXCYAC 219,133,2006 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 5.1 mg/kg/17D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NETEEC 32,373,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg/70D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 28,196,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.28 gm/kg/4W- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Ataxia | ETPAEK 61,406,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 0.56 gm/kg/4W- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Ataxia Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | ETPAEK 61,406,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 140 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Endocrine: Change in LH Endocrine: Other changes | TOLED5 211,135,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 700 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct Related to Chronic Data: Changes in testicular weight | TOLED5 211,135,2012 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) | FCTOD7 87,120,2016 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 390 mg/kg/13D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TOLED5 236,60,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 240 mg/kg/6D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TOLED5 236,60,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 260 mg/kg/13D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | TOLED5 236,60,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Behavioral: Ataxia Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Monoamine oxidase Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | TOLED5 236,60,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/20D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | TOLED5 236,60,2015 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 186 mg/kg/31D- continuous | Endocrine: Changes in thyroid weight | FCTOD7 107,186,2017 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 7.5 mg/kg/5D- continuous | Endocrine: Other changes | FCTOD7 107,186,2017 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Cardiac: Other changes Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes | FCTOD7 118,745,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Liver: Other changes Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in both tubules and glomeruli Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | FCTOD7 118,745,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Catalases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | FCTOD7 118,745,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 900 mg/kg/60D- intermittent | Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Effect on inflammation or mediation of inflammation | FCTOD7 118,745,2018 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 500 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes Endocrine: Hyperglycemia Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Lipids including transport | BCLPT* 105(Suppl 1),120,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 616 mg/kg/2W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | TXAPA9 240,401,2009 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/3D- intermittent | Olfaction: Deviated nasal septum Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | MUREAV 702,40,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 580 mg/kg/29D- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Paresthesia Musculoskeletal: Other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | MUREAV 702,40,2010 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1710 mg/kg/90D- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 2700 mg/kg/90D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Muscle weakness | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1460 mg/kg/2Y- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1860 mg/kg/93D- continuous | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 390 mg/kg/13W- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 770 mg/kg/5W- continuous | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Food intake (animal) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 532 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Endocrine: Other changes Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 560 mg/kg/56D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 280 mg/kg/56D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 336 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 597.2 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JESEDU A22,639,1987 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 298.6 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Liver: Changes in liver weight | JESEDU A22,639,1987 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 460 mg/kg/92D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 17,1,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 294 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | NRTXDN 23,397,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 798 mg/kg/38D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,397,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 588 mg/kg/28D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | TXAPA9 188,135,2003 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 294 mg/kg/14D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | NRTXDN 23,397,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 798 mg/kg/38D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,397,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 980 mg/kg/49D- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase | TOXID9 44,317,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 980 mg/kg/49D- continuous | Musculoskeletal: Other changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 44,316,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 588 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia | NRTXDN 23,415,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 798 mg/kg/38D- continuous | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,415,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 231 mg/kg/11D- continuous | Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,95,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 378 mg/kg/18D- continuous | Behavioral: Muscle weakness | NRTXDN 23,95,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | REPTED 19,527,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Endocrine: Androgenic | REPTED 19,527,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct | REPTED 19,527,2005 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 112.5 mg/kg/15D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTIS** #PB89-164669/AS |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 546 mg/kg/26D- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NRTXDN 23,95,2002 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 56 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 28 mg/kg/14D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 84 mg/kg/42D- continuous | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 3.5 mg/kg/70D- continuous | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) | REPTED 14,385,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 680 mg/kg/34D- continuous | Behavioral: Ataxia Liver: Other changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other hydrolases | NRTXDN 22,341,2001 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 75 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | REPTED 14,147,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 225 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Behavioral: Alteration of classical conditioning | REPTED 14,147,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 300 mg/kg/5D- intermittent | Behavioral: Sleep Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) | REPTED 14,147,2000 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1035 mg/kg/15W- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTOTDY 5,91,1983 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 608 mg/kg/16D- continuous | Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | NTOTDY 3,487,1981 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1800 mg/kg/90D- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral: Fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JEPTDQ 4(5/6),157,1980 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/6W- continuous | Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral: Ataxia | NTOTDY 4,355,1982 |
| oral/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 286 mg/kg/28D- continuous | Brain and Coverings: Changes in brain weight Cardiac: Changes in heart weight Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells | WATRAG 24,661,1990 |
| subcutaneous/cat | lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes | TXAPA9 60,324,1981 |
| subcutaneous/rabbit | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/4W- continuous | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral: Ataxia | HPV308 -,,2001 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1155 mg/kg/13W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Sensory change involving peripheral nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | ENVRAL 63,229,1993 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 1 gm/kg/8W- intermittent | Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Spastic paralysis with/without sensory change Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Structural change in nerve or sheath | TXAPA9 139,15,1996 |
| subcutaneous/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/10D- intermittent | Behavioral: Muscle weakness Behavioral: Ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain | JOCHFV 41,181,1999 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 42 mg/kg/3W- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Changes in cerebral spinal fluid Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TXAPA9 197,318,2004 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 400 mg/kg/8D- intermittent | Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | TOXID9 44,315,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 441 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Biochemical: Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative): Dopamine in striatum | TOXID9 44,315,2005 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 714 mg/kg/34D- intermittent | Brain and Coverings: Other degenerative changes Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins | TOXID9 90,495,2006 |
| unreported route/rat | lowest published toxic dose: 252 mg/kg/21D- intermittent | Behavioral: Food intake (animal) | TOXID9 -,35,2009 |
Reviews
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3 (inhal, vapor, skin) | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) | Threshold Limit Value-Confirmed animal carcinogen | DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 39,41,1986 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence | IMEMDT 60,389,1994 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data | IMEMDT 39,41,1986 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence | IMEMDT 60,389,1994 |
| International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) | Cancer Review:Group 2A | IMEMDT 60,389,1994 |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 23,265,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 23,259,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 23,253,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 23,43,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NRTXDN 23,223,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTOTDY 3,445,1981 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOPADD 14,279,2001 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 140-141,43,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 543,201,2003 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 567,227,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 580,21,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 580,143,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 580,167,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ENTOX* -,42,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 44,1699,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 627,10,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 584,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | IJTOFN 24,21,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRTXB2 36,481,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HETOEA 23,357,2004 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BCLPT* 96,131,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 580,31,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 658,124,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | REPTED 25,192,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | BDERB* 74,17,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | CRNGDP 28,519,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 654,114,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 659,68,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 46,1360,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | HTOPA* 1,501,2002 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 180,110,2008 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 681,51,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 47,760,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 590,1,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 678,113,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | JTEHD6 9,397,2006 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 48,S2,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 48,S25,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NEUCL* 23,377,2005 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TXAPA9 243,180,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 22,83,2007 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 32,4,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,239,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,265,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,617,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,629,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NTAPM* -,737,1995 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 678,76,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,43,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 26,199,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 723,101,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 53,166,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETOX* 33,911,2012 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 54,480,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 769,34,2014 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | EMMUEG 54,468,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 763,181,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 783,36,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 55,596,2013 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 777,91,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 802,1,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUREAV 771,85,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,25,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | NETEEC 52,68,2015 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 32,491,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | FCTOD7 108,392,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | TOLED5 265,106,2017 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 53,134,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 54,294,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,200,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,43,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 55,52,2009 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 58,395,2010 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | ACAFD* 93,93,2016 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | MUTAEX 33,179,2018 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,105,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | RTOPDW 61,251,2011 | |
| TOXICOLOGY REVIEW | VETOX* ,339,2018 |
Standards and Regulations
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) | DTLVS* 3,5,1971 |
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV; | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV | ||
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, Carcinogen, JUL2008 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | TRK-TMW 0.06 mg/m3;KZW 0.24 mg/m3, dust, inhal, skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA | TRK-TMW 0.03 mg/m3;KZW 0.12 mg/m3, inhal, skin, 2007 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3, Skin, Carcinogen, MAR2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3, skin, carc, MAY2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.9 mg/m3, skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE | VME 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3), Skin, C2 Carcinogen, FEB2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-HUNGARY | ceiling concentration 0.03 mg/m3, Carcinogen, SEP2000 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3, carc, skin, NOV2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-JAPAN | Occupational Exposure Limit 0.1 mg/m3, skin, 2A carc, s2 sen, MAY2012 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3, skin, 2006 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 0.06 mg/m3 (skin), 2004 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3, skin, JAN2002 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3, JUL2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-POLAND | time-weighted average 0.1 mg/m3, JAN1999 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-RUSSIA | time-weighted average 0.05 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 0.2 mg/m3, Skin, JUN2003 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWEDEN | time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3;short term exposure limit 0.1 mg/m3, Carcinogen, Skin, JUN2005 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND | MAK-week 0.03 mg/m3, carc 2, inhal, skin, sen, JAN2011 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-THE PHILIPPINES | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, Skin, JAN1993 | |
| Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM | time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3, carc, skin, OCT2007 | |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) | 8H time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) | 8H time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) | 8H time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994 |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) | 8H time-weighted average 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) | CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993 |
NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance
| Organization | Standard | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO ACRYLAMIDE-air | 10H Carcinogen time-weighted average 0.03 mg/m3 (Sk) | NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992 |
| National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 | Hazard Code 03540; Number of Industries 19; Total Number of Facilities 453; Number of Occupations 22; Total Number of Employees Exposed 10651; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 721 | |
| National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 | Hazard Code 03540; Number of Industries 10; Total Number of Facilities 442; Number of Occupations 24; Total Number of Employees Exposed 7047 |
Status in Federal Agencies
| Organization | Reference |
|---|---|
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: In vivo SCE-nonhuman | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: In vivo cytogenetics-nonhuman bone marrow | |
| EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cytogenetics-male germ cell | |
| EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE | FEREAC 47,26992,82 |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY | |
| EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies | |
| EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001 | |
| NTP 14th Report on Carcinogens,2016:Reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen | |
| On EPA IRIS database | |
| OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #21 |
Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018
Content
source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health