Acetophenone, 2-chloro-

RTECS #

AM6300000

CAS #

532-27-4
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods

Updated

December 2014

Molecular Weight

154.60

Molecular Formula

C₈H₇ClO

Synonyms

1-Chloroacetophenone
2-Chloro-1-phenylethanone
2-Chloroacetophenone
alpha-Chloroacetophenone
alpha-Chloroacetophenone (ACGIH:OSHA)
Chemical mace
Chloromethyl phenyl ketone
CN
Ethanone, 2-chloro-1-phenyl-
Mace (lacrimator)
NCI-C55107
omega-Chloroacetophenone
Phenacyl chloride
Phenylchloromethylketone

Skin and Eye Irritation and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye /rabbit	1 mg	mild	TXAPA9 17,295,1970
eye /rabbit	3 mg	severe	TXAPA9 17,295,1970
eye /rabbit	2% rinse	mild	ARTODN 34,183,1975
eye /rabbit	1%		VCVGK* -,463,1994
skin /guinea pig	12%/6H open irritation test	moderate	ARTODN 40,75,1978
skin /human	0.5 mg/1H	moderate	CODEDG 86,150,1972
skin /rabbit	5 mg/24H	mild	TXAPA9 17,295,1970
skin /rabbit	12%/6H open irritation test	moderate	ARTODN 40,75,1978
skin /rat	12%/6H open irritation test	moderate	ARTODN 40,75,1978

Mutation Data and Reference

System Test	Route/Organism/Tissue	Dose	Reference
Cytogenetic Analysis	ovary/hamster	3 mg/L	NTPTR* NTP-TR-379,1990
DNA Damage	liver/rat	10 µmol/L	MUREAV 368,59,1996

Tumorigenic Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 2 mg/m³/6H/2Y- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine: Tumors Skin and Appendages: Tumors	NTPTR* NTP-TR-379,1990
skin/mouse	lowest published toxic dose: 2400 mg/kg/27W- intermittent	Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages: Tumors Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application	BJCAAI 7,482,1953

Acute Toxicity Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
eye/rabbit	lowest published toxic dose: 5 pph	Eye: Corneal damage	VCVGK* -,463,1994
inhalation/guinea pig	Lowest published lethal concentration: 490 mg/m³/30M	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Blood: Hemorrhage	ARTODN 40,75,1978
inhalation/human	Lowest published lethal concentration: 159 mg/m³/20M		34ZIAG -,163,1969
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 93 mg/m³/3M	Eye: Lacrimation Eye: Conjunctiva irritation Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	AIHAAP 23,199,1962
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 20 mg/m³	Eye: Other eye effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea	BJIMAG 29,298,1972
inhalation/human	lowest published toxic concentration: 0.05 mg/m³/10S	Eye: Conjunctiva irritation	VCVGK* -,463,1994
inhalation/mouse	lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 59 mg/m³		GISAAA 58(10),4,1993
inhalation/rabbit	Lowest published lethal concentration: 465 mg/m³/20M	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Blood: Hemorrhage	ARTODN 40,75,1978
inhalation/rat	Lowest published lethal concentration: 417 mg/m³/15M	Olfaction: Other olfaction effects Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema Blood: Hemorrhage	ARTODN 40,75,1978
intraperitoneal/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17 mg/kg	Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	ARTODN 40,75,1978
intraperitoneal/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg		NTIS** AD837-111
intraperitoneal/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 36 mg/kg	Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	ARTODN 40,75,1978
intravenous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 81 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	ARTODN 40,75,1978
intravenous/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 81 mg/kg		ENTOX* ,706,2005
intravenous/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 30 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	ARTODN 40,75,1978
intravenous/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 41 mg/kg	Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes	ARTODN 40,75,1978
oral/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 158 mg/kg	Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	ARTODN 40,75,1978
oral/mouse	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 139 mg/kg		NTIS** AD837-111
oral/rabbit	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 118 mg/kg	Behavioral: Coma Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair	ARTODN 40,75,1978
oral/rat	lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg		TXAPA9 17,295,1970
skin/guinea pig	lethal dose (50 percent kill): >1 gm/kg		NTIS** OTS0556684

Other Multiple Dose Data and References

Route/Organism	Dose	Effect	Reference
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m³/6H/14D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-379,1990
inhalation/mouse	lowest published toxic concentration: 87.6 mg/m³/15M/5D- intermittent	Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes Endocrine: Hyperglycemia	JAPTO* 14,411,1994
inhalation/rat	lowest published toxic concentration: 19 mg/m³/6H/14D- intermittent	Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field	NTPTR* NTP-TR-379,1990

Reviews

Organization	Standard	Reference
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-time-weighted average 0.05 ppm	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)	Threshold Limit Value-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen	DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2013
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CPEMM* 3,239,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,626,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		ENTOX* -,706,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		HTCWA* 2,153,
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		CCACL* 21,719,2005
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW		TOLED5 204,148,2011

Standards and Regulations

Organization	Standard	Reference
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD-air	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	DTLVS* 3,48,1971
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN check ACGIH TLV;
Occupational Exposure Limit IN SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRALIA	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.32 mg/m³), JUL2008
Occupational Exposure Limit-AUSTRIA	MAK-TMW 0.04 ppm (0.3 mg/m³);KZW 0.08 ppm (0.6 mg/m³), 2007
Occupational Exposure Limit-BELGIUM	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.32 mg/m³), MAR2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-DENMARK	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), MAY2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FINLAND	short term exposure limit 0.05 ppm (0.32 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-FRANCE	VME 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), FEB2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-ICELAND	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), NOV2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-KOREA	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), 2006
Occupational Exposure Limit-MEXICO	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), 2004
Occupational Exposure Limit-NEW ZEALAND	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.32 mg/m³), JAN2002
Occupational Exposure Limit-NORWAY	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit-PERU	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.32 mg/m³), JUL2005
Occupational Exposure Limit-SWITZERLAND	MAK-week 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³), JAN2011
Occupational Exposure Limit-THE NETHERLANDS	MAC-TGG 0.3 mg/m³, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit-UNITED KINGDOM	time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.32 mg/m³), OCT2007
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction)	8H time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors)	8H time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry)	8H time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards)	8H time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.3 mg/m³)	CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993

NIOSH Documentation and Surveillance

Organization	Standard	Reference
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO alpha-CHLOROACETOPHENONE-air	10H time-weighted average 0.05 ppm	NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983	Hazard Code X4754; Number of Industries 1; Total Number of Facilities 35; Number of Occupations 4; Total Number of Employees Exposed 2294; Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 1412

Status in Federal Agencies

Organization	Reference
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);equivocal evidence:rat
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);no evidence:mouse
On EPA IRIS database

Page last reviewed: November 16, 2018

Content source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health