Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: mmwrq@cdc.gov. Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail.
Notice to Readers: World Kidney Day --- March 13, 2008
March 13, 2008, is World Kidney Day, observed in the United States and the world to raise awareness of
kidney disease and educate persons at risk about the importance of prevention and early detection. Kidney disease, the
ninth leading cause of death in the United States
(1), is a costly disease associated with severe morbidity and premature
death. The disease spectrum extends from persistent microalbuminuria to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (i.e., kidney
failure requiring dialysis or transplantation).
Thirteen percent of U.S. adults (i.e., 26 million adults) were estimated to have chronic kidney disease in 2000,
and most of these adults were not aware of their condition
(2). Persons with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk
for cardiovascular disease and are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease than progress to ESRD
(3). In 2005, approximately 100,000 persons began treatment for ESRD in the United States, nearly half a million persons
were living on chronic dialysis or with a kidney transplant, and total Medicare expenditures for ESRD reached
approximately $20 billion, accounting for 6.4% of the total Medicare budget
(4). Of the new cases of ESRD in 2005, 71%
had diabetes or hypertension listed as the primary cause
(4).
By 2020, with the aging of the population and the
increasing prevalence of diabetes, nearly 150,000 persons in
the United States are projected to begin therapy for ESRD, nearly 800,000 persons will be living on chronic dialysis or
with a kidney transplant, and costs for ESRD are projected to reach approximately $54 billion
(4). However, the ESRD incidence rate in the population with diabetes has declined since 1996
(5). Among persons with diabetes, early detection and treatment of kidney disease
can help prevent or delay cardiovascular death and progression to ESRD
(6,7); among those with diabetes and hypertension, blood sugar and blood pressure control have been shown to prevent or
delay the onset of kidney disease (6,8).
CDC, in collaboration with partners, has launched the Chronic Kidney Disease Initiative to develop capacity at
CDC in the areas of kidney disease surveillance, epidemiology, health outcomes research, and health economics to
provide public health strategies for promoting kidney health. Additional information about this initiative is available at
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/projects/kidney.htm.
Information about kidney disease prevention and control is available from the National Kidney Disease
Education Program at http://www.nkdep.nih.gov. Information on World Kidney Day activities is available at
http://www.worldkidneyday.org.
References
Kung HC, Hoyert DL, Xu JQ, Murphy SL. Deaths: final data for 2005. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2008;56(10):9.
Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007;298:2038--47.
Collins AJ, Li S, Gilbertson DT, et al. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in the Medicare population. Kidney Int Suppl
2003;87:S24--31.
US Renal Data System. ESRD incidence and prevalence. In: US Renal Data System 2007 annual data report: atlas of chronic kidney disease
and end-stage renal disease in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases; 2007. Available at
http://www.usrds.org/2007/pdf/02_incid_prev_07.pdf.
American Diabetes Association. Nephropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27 (Suppl 1):S79--83.
Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861--9.
Ruggenenti P, Fassi A, Ilieva AP, et al. Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N Eng J Med 2004;351:1941--51.
Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services.References to non-CDC sites on the Internet are
provided as a service to MMWR readers and do not constitute or imply
endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. CDC is not responsible for the content
of pages found at these sites. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of
the date of publication.
Disclaimer
All MMWR HTML versions of articles are electronic conversions from ASCII text
into HTML. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors in the HTML version.
Users should not rely on this HTML document, but are referred to the electronic PDF version and/or
the original MMWR paper copy for the official text, figures, and tables.
An original paper copy of this issue can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC 20402-9371; telephone: (202) 512-1800.
Contact GPO for current prices.
**Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to
mmwrq@cdc.gov.
