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Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: mmwrq@cdc.gov. Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance, 1991: Monitoring Progress Toward the Nation's Year 2000 Health ObjectivesSUGGESTED CITATION: General: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Surveillance Summaries, August 27, 1993. MMWR 1993;42(No. SS-4). Specific: {Author(s).} {Title of particular article.} In: CDC Surveillance Summaries, August 27, 1993. MMWR 1993;42:(No. SS- 4):{inclusive page numbers}. CIO Responsible for this publication: Epidemiology Program Office Abstract Problem/Condition: Risk reduction is a major focus of the national health objectives for the year 2000. Progress toward several of these objectives can be evaluated by using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Year 2000 objective areas measurable by BRFSS data include those for overweight, lack of physical activity, smoking, safety belt use, and medical screening for breast and cervical cancer and elevated blood cholesterol. BRFSS data have been used to guide health promotion/disease prevention programs. Reporting Period: 1991. Description of System: BRFSS is a state-based random-digit-dialing telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults ( greater than or equal to 18 years of age); 47 states and the District of Columbia participated in BRFSS in 1991. Results: Some year 2000 objectives appear to be readily attainable for many states, whereas others do not. For example, among participating states, a median 57.8% (range = 45.6%-82.8%) of women ages greater than or equal to 50 years reported having had both a clinical breast examination and a mammogram in the previous 2 years (year 2000 objective: greater than or equal to 60%). In contrast, a median 37.3% (range = 22.1%-52.5%) of persons with annual family income less than $20,000 reported that they did not engage in leisure-time physical activity -- more than twice the year 2000 objective (greater than or equal to 17%). Interpretation: BRFSS data demonstrate substantial state-to-state variation in progress toward year 2000 objectives and highlight areas (e.g., lack of leisure-time physical activity) in which substantial progress remains to be made in most states. Action Taken: The BRFSS will continue to report data that relate to year 2000 health objectives. BRFSS data will enable states to monitor progress toward these objectives and develop health policies aimed at achieving them. INTRODUCTION Modifiable high-risk behaviors contribute heavily to morbidity and mortality from noninfectious disease. Similarly, preventive medical practices such as cholesterol screening and mammography can reduce the burden of disease. Reducing the prevalence of high-risk behaviors and increasing the appropriate use of medical screening tests are critical components of the year 2000 national health objectives (1). In 1991, 47 states and the District of Columbia participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). (For simplicity, the term "states" in this report includes the District of Columbia.) BRFSS provides state-specific estimates for the prevalence of several high-risk behaviors addressed in Healthy People 2000, including overweight, physical inactivity, smoking, and safety belt nonuse. The system also provides information on the use of selected medical screening tests, including mammography, clinical breast examination, Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, and blood cholesterol screening. These BRFSS data will help state health departments set priorities and monitor progress toward year 2000 health objectives. One of the national goals stated in Healthy People 2000 is to "reduce health disparities among Americans." Particular emphasis is placed on special population subgroups for whom the average incidences of death, disease, and disability may be increased. Characteristics upon which these disparities are based include age, race/ethnicity, income, and educational attainment. BRFSS includes data on each of these characteristics, and, because the data are state specific, the system is also capable of describing geographic disparities. This report presents a comprehensive description of the BRFSS data that can be used to identify groups to target with prevention efforts and measure progress toward year 2000 health objectives. METHODS Sampling Using random-digit-dialing telephone survey techniques, each state selects a probability sample of its noninstitutionalized adult population ( greater than or equal to 18 years of age) having telephones. In 1991, 38 states used a multistage cluster-sampling design based on the Waksberg method (2). To meet individual needs, other states have chosen to use different sampling methods, such as simple random or stratified sample designs. Questionnaire The interviewing instrument consists of three parts: a) a core series of questions asked by all states, b) standardized modules of questions on selected topics that are developed by CDC and added at the discretion of each state, and c) questions developed and administered by a particular state to meet its own needs. Whenever feasible, questions used in national surveys such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) have been adopted. Data Processing and Analysis When the interviewing cycle is completed each month, the data are sent to CDC for editing. In 1991, 36 states used a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) system, which permits direct entry of data into a computer file. CATI facilitates interviewer monitoring, data coding and entry, and quality-control procedures. For the current study, the edited data were weighted to the age-, race-, and sex- specific population counts from the 1990 census in each state, as well as for the respondent's probability of selection (3,4). These weights were used to estimate the prevalence of risk factors and the use of medical screening tests for each state. SESUDAAN, a procedure for analyzing complex sample-survey data, was used to calculate the standard errors for the prevalence estimates (5). State sample sizes ranged from 1,178 to 3,417. Sample sizes for demographic subgroups were smaller; therefore, confidence intervals for these estimates are greater. Prevalence estimates are shown only when the sample size was greater than or equal to 50. * Response rates for completed interviews, by state, ranged from 65.2% to 94.8%. The design, characteristics, and use of the BRFSS have been described previously (3,7,8). Definitions of Risk Factors and Medical Screening Practices Overweight -- body mass index (BMI = weight {kg}/height {m2}) greater than or equal to 27.8 for men and greater than or equal to 27.3 for women). These values approximate the sex-specific 85th percentile of BMI, estimated from NHANES II, for 20- to 29-year-olds in the United States. No leisure-time physical activity -- no exercise, recreation, or physical activities (other than regular job duties) during the previous month. Smoking -- current regular use of cigarettes by someone who has ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes. Safety belt nonuse -- not always using a safety belt when driving or riding in a car. (To remain consistent with the objectives as stated in Healthy People 2000, the data are presented in terms of safety belt use rather than nonuse.) Cholesterol screening -- had blood cholesterol checked within the previous 5 years. Breast cancer screening:
(women greater than or equal to 40 years of age). b) had mammogram and clinical breast examination within the previous 2 years (women greater than or equal to 50 years of age). ** Pap smear (women greater than or equal to 18 years of age with intact uterine cervix):
Definitions were chosen that match as closely as possible those described in Healthy People 2000. In the following cases, however, BRFSS-derived definitions could not be made identical to Healthy People 2000 definitions: a) BRFSS contains only self-reported data for height, weight, and high blood pressure, whereas year 2000 objectives derived from NHANES II data are based on measured values. b) BRFSS responses did not include a category for having had most recent Pap smear 2-3 years previously; therefore, this document reports the percentage of women who had a Pap smear within the preceding 2 years rather than within the preceding 3 years, as specified in Healthy People 2000. c) BRFSS questions regarding smoking cessation differ from those used in some other surveys. d) Some year 2000 objectives refer to greater than or equal to 20 years of age as the population base; the current document includes the entire BRFSS data set (i.e., persons greater than or equal to 18 years of age). In previous reports (7,9-12), safety belt nonuse was defined as "sometimes, seldom, or never" wearing a safety belt (as compared with "always" or "nearly always"). In this report, respondents who reported nearly always wearing safety belts are classified as nonusers. This definition produces estimates closer to those obtained from observational surveys (13,14). In some cases, definitions for sociodemographic variables in Healthy People 2000 vary among objectives. For example, the year 2000 objectives define low income in some cases as less than $10,000 annual family income and in other cases as less than $20,000. Similarly, two different cut-offs are used for educational level: "less than high school education" in some objectives and "high school education or less" in others. The definitions used in this report conform to those used in Healthy People 2000. RESULTS Overweight The proportion of adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age who were overweight ranged from 17.8% in Colorado to 28.7% in Michigan (median = 23.4%) (Table_1). When compared with the total population, the median prevalence of overweight was higher among low-income women (30.3%) and black women (39.0%). Although the median for Hispanic women was lower (24.4%), the sample size was sufficient for analysis in only 10 states. The percentage of adults with self-reported high blood pressure who were overweight was high (median = 40.5% for women and 42.5% for men). No Leisure-Time Physical Activity The percentage of adults who did not engage in leisure-time physical activity varied nearly threefold, from 16.6% in Montana to 42.6% in Mississippi (median = 28.0%) (Table_2). In general, prevalences were lower in western states (Colorado, 18.0%; Oregon, 19.6%; and Washington, 20.6%). The median percentage among both low-income persons (37.3%)and adults greater than or equal to 65 years of age (42.3%) was substantially higher than for the total adult population. Smoking The percentage of adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age who reported that they were cigarette smokers ranged from 14.3% in Utah to 30.2% in Kentucky (median = 23.0%) (Table_3). The median prevalence among adults who had a high school education or less was about five percentage points higher than the median among the total adult population. The percentage of current regular smokers who quit smoking at least 1 day in the past year ranged from 42.0% in Ohio to 60.9% in Michigan (median = 55.6%). Only Utah reported a prevalence of smoking that met the year 2000 objective in the total adult population (Table_3). No state reported a prevalence below the smoking objective for adults with a high school education or less or for women of reproductive age. Safety Belt Use The percentage of adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age who reported that they always wore a safety belt while riding or driving in a car ranged from 22.8% in South Dakota to 87.8% in Hawaii (median = 58.2%) (Table_4). Cholesterol Screening The percentage of adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age who had had a blood cholesterol screening test within the previous 5 years ranged from 56.2% in New Mexico to 71.3% in Connecticut (median = 63.7%) (Table_5). Prevalences were highest in four northeastern states and Florida: New Jersey (71.2%), Florida (71.1%), New Hampshire (70.2%), Rhode Island (69.6%), and Massachusetts (68.0%). The median percentage of adults who had had a blood cholesterol screening test within the previous 5 years (63.7%) was about 10 percentage points below the year 2000 objective (greater than or equal to 75%). As of 1991, no state had reported a prevalence consistent with this objective. Breast Cancer Screening The percentage of women greater than or equal to 40 years of age who had ever had both a mammogram and a clinical breast examination ranged from 55.5% in Louisiana to 83.1% in the District of Columbia (median = 69.7%) (Table_6). However, the median prevalences were lower for each of the population subgroups specified in Healthy People 2000. The percentage of women greater than or equal to 50 years of age who had had a mammogram and a clinical breast examination within the previous 2 years was highest in the District of Columbia (82.8%) and lowest in Louisiana (45.6%) (median = 57.8%) (Table_7). The prevalence of screening was lowest among low-income women greater than or equal to 50 years of age (median = 41.4%). The median percentage of women greater than or equal to 40 years of age who had ever had both a clinical breast examination and a mammogram (69.7%) was about 10 percentage points below the year 2000 objective ( greater than or equal to 80%). The District of Columbia (83.1%) and Washington (81.4%) met that objective in 1991. Many states reported prevalences above the year 2000 target percentage ( greater than or equal to 60%) for women greater than or equal to 50 years of age who had had both examinations within the previous 2 years. Only the District of Columbia, however, reported prevalences higher than this objective for each population subgroup. Pap Smear The percentage of women greater than or equal to 18 years of age who had ever had a Pap smear was high in all states, ranging from 86.8% in New York to 95.3% in Colorado (median = 92.4%) (Table_8). The median prevalences for the special population subgroups were lower (range = 83.9%-85.8%). Washington and Oregon were the only states where at least 90% of all groups reported having had a Pap smear. The median percentage of women greater than or equal to 18 years of age who had ever had a Pap smear was less than 3 percentage points below the year 2000 objective of 95%. Colorado, Maine, Oregon, and Washington reported prevalences at least as high as this objective. With regard to special population subgroups, Washington reported a prevalence at least as high as the year 2000 objective for low-income women, Idaho for women who had less than a high school education, and Colorado for Hispanic women. The percentage of women greater than or equal to 18 years of age who had had a Pap smear within the past 2 years ranged from 73.7% in West Virginia to 87.5% in the District of Columbia (median = 79.7%) (Table_9). Median prevalences were lower for each of the special subgroups, particularly for women greater than or equal to 70 years of age (55.7%). Fewer than half of women greater than or equal to 70 years of age had had a Pap smear within the past 2 years in Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The median percentage of women ages greater than or equal to 18 years who had a Pap smear within the previous 2 years (79.7%) was about 5 percentage points below the year 2000 objective of greater than or equal to 85%. The District of Columbia and Maryland reported prevalences at least as high as this objective. Only the District of Columbia reported a prevalence at least as high as the year 2000 objective for each special population subgroup. DISCUSSION The prevalence of targeted behaviors varied considerably by type of behavior and among states. Median prevalences of overweight were substantially higher than the year 2000 objectives for all groups except Hispanic women and women with elevated blood pressure (Table_1). Because overweight persons tend to underreport their weight (15), BRFSS data tend to underestimate the true population prevalence of overweight. Furthermore, overweight women tend to underreport their weight by a larger amount than do overweight men. This differential reporting by sex may explain in part why the BRFSS median for overweight among hypertensive men is higher than among hypertensive women. In contrast, the Healthy People 2000 baseline prevalences of overweight among hypertensive persons (obtained by direct measurement in NHANES II) were higher for women (50%) than for men (39%). In 1991, the median prevalence of overweight was higher than in any of the 4 previous years (7), suggesting that the percentage of overweight persons may be increasing. Increased prevalence of overweight has been reported elsewhere for the United States (16,17) and for the upper Midwest (18). Median percentages of adults who reported that they did not engage in any leisure-time physical activity were approximately twice the year 2000 objectives for all three demographic groups (Table_2). No state reported a prevalence that achieved these objectives. The 1991 median for all adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age (28.0%) was slightly lower than the median for 1990 (28.7%). For the years 1986-1989, the lowest median prevalence was 30.0% (2). These data suggest that the percentage of people who exercise may have begun to increase slightly. BRFSS physical activity data are limited by the absence of information about work-related physical activity. The observed higher percentage of low-income persons who report that they do not engage in leisure-time physical activity might overstate the association between socioeconomic status and total physical activity if low-income persons tend to be more active during the work day. Data from one study indicate that including work and household activity may offset some of the disparities in socioeconomic status among men but not among women (19). The percentage of persons who reported to the NHIS in 1991 that they did not participate in leisure-time physical activity was lower than for BRFSS (all adults ages greater than or equal to 18 years, 24% vs. 28.0%; adults with annual family income less than $20,000, 32% vs. 37.3%; and adults greater than or equal to 65 years of age, 29% vs. 42.3%) (20). These differences may reflect the different survey modes (telephone vs. in-person), as well as the longer list of activities about which respondents to NHIS are queried. The observed median smoking prevalence for women of reproductive age exceeded the year 2000 target prevalence by a larger amount than for any other demographic subgroup. These data reflect the low target prevalence set for this group in light of tobacco-related health risks unique to women of reproductive age. First, cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk to the fetus for low birth weight and premature birth, miscarriage, stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, and infant mortality (21). Second, in addition to the general risks for chronic disease associated with cigarette smoking, women of reproductive age who both smoke cigarettes and use oral contraceptives are at higher risk for myocardial infarction because of the synergistic effects of smoking and oral contraceptives (22). In 1991, the BRFSS median prevalence of smokers who reported that they had quit for 1 or more days during the previous year (55.6%) is higher than the target rate expressed in year 2000 objective #3.6 ( greater than or equal to 50%). Because the smoking-cessation questions in the 1991 BRFSS were changed, this difference should not be interpreted to mean that a majority of states have achieved this objective. The questionnaire changes may increase the 1-day quit rate estimate by approximately 18 percentage points. * Hawaii was the only state with a self-reported safety belt use rate that exceeded the year 2000 objective. The five states with the highest safety belt use rates (Hawaii, Oregon, California, North Carolina, and New Mexico) have safety belt laws that allow for primary enforcement. With primary enforcement, a motor vehicle operator may be stopped by a law enforcement officer for an observed safety-belt-use law violation alone, rather than requiring that a vehicle first be stopped for some other violation (secondary enforcement). Primary enforcement laws are associated with greater and more rapid increases in safety belt use than are secondary enforcement laws (23). The median percentages of women ages greater than or equal to 50 years who reported having had a clinical breast exam and a mammmogram within the previous 2 years and of women ages greater than or equal to 18 years with an intact uterine cervix who reported having had a Pap smear within the previous 2 years were both only a few percentage points below the year 2000 targets. However, when survey data are used to monitor progress toward year 2000 objectives for medical screening procedures, self-reported data may yield biased results with regard to the time frame in which survey participants actually received a screening test. For example, in one study in which survey results were validated by using records from medical institutions, about 27% of women who reported having had a mammogram within the previous year had actually had the test more than a year before (24). Data from this report indicate that states vary in their degree of progress toward behavior-related year 2000 health objectives. BRFSS data can help state health officials monitor progress and target programs toward greatest local need. To better enable states to monitor their progress toward BRFSS-measurable year 2000 health objectives, this report includes a template table (see Appendix 1). This table includes year 2000 objective values as well as the low, median, and high BRFSS values for 1991. The column of blank spaces at the right can be filled in with the values for a particular state. State-specific BRFSS data will be reported annually in CDC Surveillance Summaries and will periodically include year 2000 health objective updates. Appendix 1. Table_A1 Appendix 2. Table_A2 References
* A minimum sample size of 30 has been recommended for simple random surveys (6). BRFSS uses a minimum sample size of 50 to allow for the variance that results from a multistage sample design. Additional information on the precision of population subgroup estimates derived from the BRFSS is available (3). ** Reported prevalences include women who may have had the tests because of a breast condition such as cancer or a breast lump. *** Baseline data for Healthy People 2000 objective #3.6 were obtained from the Adult Use of Tobacco Survey, which uses questions similar to those in the NHIS. Before 1991, BRFSS used smoking cessation questions similar to those in the NHIS; in 1990, 1-day quit rates obtained from NHIS and BRFSS were similar (about 38%). In 1991, BRFSS simplified its questions on smoking cessation. **** See Appendix 2 of the preceding report. Table_1 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
TABLE 1. Prevalence of overweight * among adults ages >=18 years in participating
states, by selected characteristics -- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1991
======================================================================================================================================
Women
Total ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
population Low-income + Black Hispanic w/HBP & Men w/HBP &
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
State % (95% CI @) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 25.7 +/-(2.3) 35.1 +/-( 5.9) 36.0 +/-( 6.7) -- +/- -- 41.2 +/-( 6.5) 47.7 +/-(10.6)
Alaska 24.6 (3.1) 25.8 (12.5) -- -- -- -- 30.6 (12.0) 43.1 (13.7)
Arizona 20.6 (2.3) 35.4 ( 9.1) -- -- 31.7 ( 8.0) 40.9 ( 8.3) 37.7 (11.1)
Arkansas 23.1 (2.5) 32.8 ( 8.3) 43.0 (12.2) -- -- 40.9 ( 9.1) 46.2 (11.6)
California 22.1 (1.7) 26.9 ( 5.8) 38.2 ( 9.6) 26.6 ( 5.5) 43.6 ( 7.2) 43.9 ( 8.0)
Colorado 17.8 (1.9) 23.3 ( 8.5) -- -- 18.5 ( 9.6) 31.0 ( 8.1) 36.7 (10.2)
Connecticut 20.6 (2.2) 25.5 ( 8.7) 41.9 (10.8) -- -- 42.5 ( 8.9) 30.4 ( 9.3)
Delaware 27.5 (2.7) 32.3 ( 9.4) 47.6 ( 9.5) -- -- 45.7 ( 9.0) 36.4 ( 9.7)
District of
Columbia 26.8 (2.6) 42.1 ( 9.9) 37.6 ( 4.4) -- -- 54.6 ( 9.1) 46.3 (14.8)
Florida 21.7 (2.0) 32.2 ( 7.6) 39.0 ( 9.2) 25.6 ( 8.7) 37.6 ( 6.9) 39.3 (10.4)
Georgia 20.6 (2.1) 35.5 ( 7.7) 35.1 ( 6.8) -- -- 41.9 ( 7.7) 32.3 ( 9.0)
Hawaii 19.6 (2.0) 28.6 ( 9.6) 37.0 ( 9.9) 17.0 ( 8.1) 25.4 ( 7.8) 33.3 ( 9.2)
Idaho 22.5 (2.1) 25.5 ( 6.5) -- -- -- -- 39.9 ( 7.1) 38.6 ( 9.6)
Illinois 23.3 (2.0) 27.2 ( 6.6) 31.0 ( 7.8) -- -- 42.2 ( 7.4) 40.5 ( 8.9)
Indiana 26.9 (2.1) 28.3 ( 7.0) 39.4 ( 9.8) -- -- 45.4 ( 6.5) 44.8 ( 8.1)
Iowa 25.9 (2.4) 21.9 ( 8.0) -- -- -- -- 40.1 ( 7.8) 47.7 (10.5)
Kentucky 25.7 (2.3) 31.4 ( 5.7) 43.4 (13.8) -- -- 43.1 ( 7.0) 48.5 ( 9.8)
Louisiana 26.6 (2.5) 37.9 ( 6.5) 36.4 ( 6.9) -- -- 51.8 ( 8.4) 33.4 (10.0)
Maine 23.3 (2.7) 25.0 ( 8.1) -- -- -- -- 41.3 (11.6) 36.1 (12.3)
Maryland 20.6 (2.2) 32.0 (14.7) 35.0 ( 7.0) -- -- 30.8 ( 7.4) 45.0 (11.3)
Massachusetts 21.0 (2.3) 31.8 ( 9.6) -- -- -- -- 44.3 (10.1) 30.4 (11.1)
Michigan 28.7 (2.0) 36.9 ( 6.3) 44.7 ( 8.4) -- -- 48.6 ( 6.7) 44.9 ( 8.3)
Minnesota 23.4 (1.5) 28.6 ( 5.5) -- -- -- -- 36.8 ( 6.0) 42.3 ( 7.7)
Mississippi 27.8 (2.5) 40.1 ( 6.5) 46.3 ( 6.8) -- -- 44.7 ( 6.8) 38.4 (10.0)
Missouri 23.8 (2.4) 29.6 ( 8.1) 42.5 (12.6) -- -- 39.6 ( 8.2) 35.5 ( 9.6)
Montana 20.5 (2.4) 26.7 ( 9.0) -- -- -- -- 31.0 ( 8.3) 42.0 (13.8)
Nebraska 24.4 (2.5) 25.8 ( 8.0) -- -- -- -- 43.6 ( 8.5) 44.3 (10.8)
New Hampshire 20.9 (2.3) 28.7 ( 9.4) -- -- -- -- 36.3 ( 9.4) 35.3 (11.9)
New Jersey 20.4 (2.4) 30.4 (13.6) -- -- -- -- 38.9 ( 8.6) 48.4 (11.7)
New Mexico 18.9 (2.6) 27.0 ( 9.3) -- -- 18.9 ( 5.5) 24.0 (10.3) 32.4 (13.1)
New York 24.2 (2.2) 35.6 ( 8.2) 40.0 ( 8.6) 23.1 ( 8.3) 44.4 ( 7.8) 44.6 (10.3)
North Carolina 23.0 (2.1) 31.6 ( 6.9) 33.6 ( 7.7) -- -- 35.1 ( 7.4) 49.1 (10.5)
North Dakota 24.0 (2.1) 33.0 ( 7.5) -- -- -- -- 49.5 ( 8.6) 42.1 (10.3)
Ohio 24.3 (2.7) 40.4 ( 9.1) 25.0 (10.4) -- -- 46.1 (10.7) 43.4 (14.9)
Oklahoma 23.8 (2.4) 24.3 ( 7.3) 35.5 (13.2) -- -- 38.0 ( 7.5) 38.2 (10.2)
Oregon 22.1 (1.5) 26.8 ( 6.3) -- -- 29.0 (12.8) 37.2 ( 5.5) 41.7 ( 7.7)
Pennsylvania 27.1 (2.0) 34.4 ( 7.2) 40.7 (10.7) -- -- 48.2 ( 6.9) 52.3 ( 8.5)
Rhode Island 20.9 (2.2) 29.9 ( 8.1) -- -- -- -- 31.1 ( 7.7) 44.7 ( 9.5)
South Carolina 25.2 (2.2) 31.6 ( 6.9) 37.5 ( 6.1) -- -- 43.0 ( 6.7) 38.9 ( 9.0)
South Dakota 24.2 (2.2) 25.8 ( 6.7) -- -- -- -- 36.0 ( 8.2) 43.1 ( 9.8)
Tennessee 24.2 (1.9) 34.8 ( 5.6) 43.8 ( 7.1) -- -- 46.0 ( 6.1) 42.8 ( 8.2)
Texas 25.3 (2.6) 39.6 ( 8.8) 42.3 (11.3) 35.0 ( 8.4) 35.4 ( 8.3) 43.3 (11.8)
Utah 19.8 (2.0) 19.0 ( 8.6) -- -- 20.0 ( 7.0) 34.8 ( 7.8) 40.9 ( 9.8)
Vermont 22.6 (2.3) 32.1 (11.1) -- -- -- -- 34.8 ( 8.5) 44.4 ( 9.8)
Virginia 18.9 (2.1) 27.5 ( 9.2) 34.6 ( 8.7) -- -- 33.7 ( 9.9) 46.1 (13.1)
Washington 20.0 (1.9) 28.0 ( 9.3) -- -- -- -- 36.6 ( 7.7) 50.5 ( 9.4)
West Virginia 28.0 (2.1) 30.3 ( 4.9) 40.3 (13.2) -- -- 49.1 ( 5.8) 43.8 ( 7.9)
Wisconsin 25.7 (2.3) 35.1 ( 5.9) 36.0 ( 6.7) -- -- 41.2 ( 6.5) 47.7 (10.6)
Median 23.4 30.3 39.0 24.4 40.5 42.5
Low 17.8 19.0 25.0 17.0 24.0 30.4
High 28.7 42.3 47.6 35.0 54.6 52.3
HP 2000
obj ** #2.3 <=20.0 <=25.0 <=30.0 <=25.0 <=41.0 <=35.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Fewer than 50 respondents.
* Body mass index >=27.8 for males and >=27.3 for females.
+ Annual family income <$10,000.
& Told on more than one occasion by a health professional that blood pressureis high (HBP).
@ Confidence interval.
** Healthy People 2000 objective was written for adults ages >=20 years.
======================================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_2 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
TABLE 2. Prevalence of no leisure-time physical activity * among adults ages >=18 years
in participating states, by selected characteristics -- Behavioral Risk Factor
Surveillance System, 1991
===================================================================================================
Total population Low income + Age >=65 yrs
---------------- --------------- ----------------
State % (95% CI &) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 34.2 +/-(2.4) 43.2 +/-(4.2) 47.1 +/-( 5.6)
Alaska 22.1 (3.2) 25.0 (6.9) 48.6 (13.2)
Arizona 24.3 (2.4) 31.3 (4.4) 31.0 ( 5.8)
Arkansas 36.0 (3.0) 41.9 (4.8) 48.7 ( 6.1)
California 23.3 (1.7) 31.0 (3.4) 26.7 ( 4.4)
Colorado 18.0 (1.9) 23.7 (3.9) 27.2 ( 5.6)
Connecticut 25.8 (2.3) 37.2 (5.7) 42.8 ( 5.9)
Delaware 31.4 (2.7) 44.5 (5.2) 47.9 ( 6.9)
District of Columbia 39.4 (3.1) 46.1 (5.5) 56.3 ( 6.7)
Florida 28.4 (2.2) 37.7 (4.2) 30.8 ( 4.5)
Georgia 39.9 (2.6) 50.1 (4.7) 53.9 ( 6.8)
Hawaii 23.4 (2.2) 28.7 (4.8) 23.3 ( 5.3)
Idaho 22.0 (2.2) 28.1 (3.9) 33.7 ( 4.9)
Illinois 36.1 (2.4) 43.6 (4.0) 49.0 ( 5.6)
Indiana 26.9 (2.1) 33.6 (3.9) 39.3 ( 5.0)
Iowa 30.0 (2.5) 36.7 (4.5) 40.1 ( 5.5)
Kentucky 42.0 (2.6) 52.5 (4.0) 56.0 ( 5.4)
Louisiana 32.6 (2.6) 36.8 (3.8) 45.5 ( 6.6)
Maine 34.9 (2.9) 39.4 (4.9) 42.8 ( 6.8)
Maryland 27.8 (2.5) 38.1 (6.7) 42.3 ( 6.5)
Massachusetts 25.1 (2.5) 36.1 (5.3) 39.9 ( 7.1)
Michigan 28.6 (2.0) 37.4 (4.0) 39.7 ( 5.2)
Minnesota 23.7 (1.6) 33.1 (3.4) 36.6 ( 4.1)
Mississippi 42.6 (2.8) 46.9 (4.2) 55.3 ( 6.2)
Missouri 36.3 (2.8) 42.9 (4.9) 47.8 ( 5.8)
Montana 16.6 (2.4) 22.1 (4.1) 32.1 ( 6.1)
Nebraska 25.1 (2.5) 31.9 (4.3) 40.6 ( 5.7)
New Hampshire 21.2 (2.2) 31.2 (5.4) 35.5 ( 6.9)
New Jersey 31.4 (2.8) 48.3 (8.4) 45.6 ( 6.5)
New Mexico 33.7 (2.9) 43.6 (5.3) 42.4 ( 8.8)
New York 34.2 (2.4) 46.6 (4.9) 49.8 ( 6.0)
North Carolina 33.4 (2.5) 41.3 (4.1) 47.4 ( 5.6)
North Dakota 28.0 (2.3) 30.9 (3.6) 42.3 ( 5.2)
Ohio 39.6 (3.1) 37.5 (5.4) 46.8 ( 6.6)
Oklahoma 36.6 (2.8) 42.1 (4.5) 49.0 ( 6.6)
Oregon 19.6 (1.5) 24.9 (2.8) 31.5 ( 3.8)
Pennsylvania 26.4 (2.0) 33.9 (3.6) 42.7 ( 5.1)
Rhode Island 27.9 (2.4) 37.2 (4.7) 39.3 ( 5.5)
South Carolina 35.4 (2.5) 45.7 (4.2) 49.5 ( 5.4)
South Dakota 27.1 (2.3) 30.5 (3.8) 37.0 ( 5.2)
Tennessee 38.7 (2.0) 48.8 (3.6) 50.0 ( 4.7)
Texas 27.0 (2.8) 39.0 (5.1) 39.6 ( 7.1)
Utah 20.8 (2.1) 25.1 (3.8) 30.4 ( 5.8)
Vermont 26.6 (2.5) 39.2 (5.0) 45.8 ( 6.3)
Virginia 25.2 (2.4) 37.3 (6.0) 38.7 ( 7.0)
Washington 20.6 (1.9) 24.5 (3.9) 24.3 ( 4.9)
West Virginia 42.3 (2.3) 50.5 (3.3) 55.8 ( 4.6)
Wisconsin 25.0 (2.6) 34.9 (5.0) 33.0 ( 6.3)
Median 28.0 37.3 42.3
Low 16.6 22.1 23.3
High 42.6 52.5 56.3
HP 2000 obj @ #1.5 <=15.0 ** <=17.0 ** <=22.0 **
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* No exercise, recreation, or physical activities (other than regular job duties) during the
previous month.
+ Annual family income <$20,000.
& Confidence interval.
@ Healthy People 2000 objective.
** Objective written for persons ages >=6 years.
===================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_3 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
TABLE 3. Smoking * prevalence among adults ages >=18 years in participating states, by
selected characteristics -- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1991
======================================================================================================================================
High school Quit
Total education or Reproductive- 1+ days in past
population less + Blacks Hispanics aged women & year
---------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- -------------- ---------------
State % (95% CI @) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 22.0 +/-( 2.0) 25.4 +/-( 2.7) 19.1 +/-( 4.1) -- +/- -- 18.0 +/-(3.3) 59.6 +/-(4.5)
Alaska 25.9 (3.2) 33.0 (5.0) -- -- -- -- 24.9 (5.2) 57.4 (6.8)
Arizona 23.7 (2.4) 28.7 (3.7) 13.8 ( 8.7) 17.0 ( 5.1) 21.6 (4.2) 51.7 (5.6)
Arkansas 26.5 (2.6) 29.3 (3.5) 17.6 ( 7.4) -- -- 29.7 (5.1) 49.1 (5.4)
California 19.5 (1.6) 24.0 (2.6) 22.1 ( 6.5) 13.3 ( 3.0) 17.4 (2.6) 57.1 (4.2)
Colorado 23.5 (2.2) 33.4 (4.3) 22.8 (10.5) 24.9 ( 9.0) 24.6 (3.8) 59.2 (5.2)
Connecticut 22.4 (2.2) 28.3 (3.6) 19.8 ( 8.0) 25.1 (15.3) 26.1 (4.4) 58.5 (4.9)
Delaware 25.9 (2.4) 33.0 (3.6) 21.7 ( 6.2) -- -- 27.2 (4.3) 56.3 (5.1)
District of
Columbia 21.5 (2.5) 26.8 (4.0) 26.2 ( 3.4) -- -- 20.2 (3.9) 57.6 (6.2)
Florida 24.6 (2.2) 28.8 (3.2) 19.3 ( 7.8) 15.0 ( 4.6) 22.0 (3.8) 55.1 (4.5)
Georgia 21.7 (2.2) 26.5 (3.3) 21.8 ( 4.7) -- -- 19.1 (3.5) 49.5 (5.4)
Hawaii 20.3 (2.0) 24.1 (3.4) 28.8 ( 7.3) 26.6 ( 8.3) 18.1 (3.5) 60.2 (4.7)
Idaho 21.1 (2.1) 26.7 (3.2) -- -- -- -- 21.1 (3.7) 55.6 (5.3)
Illinois 23.6 (2.0) 26.2 (3.2) 23.3 ( 5.8) 25.9 (11.4) 26.9 (4.0) 58.1 (4.9)
Indiana 24.4 (2.1) 29.5 (2.9) 35.8 ( 8.1) -- -- 27.0 (3.7) 52.1 (4.6)
Iowa 20.9 (2.2) 24.7 (3.4) -- -- -- -- 24.5 (4.4) 49.7 (5.5)
Kentucky 30.2 (2.3) 34.3 (3.0) 29.5 ( 9.9) -- -- 28.8 (4.0) 48.5 (4.5)
Louisiana 24.1 (2.3) 28.7 (3.3) 21.1 ( 4.4) 18.8 ( 9.6) 22.7 (3.7) 55.0 (5.4)
Maine 26.0 (2.7) 32.2 (3.7) -- -- -- -- 28.5 (4.8) 58.2 (5.6)
Maryland 21.7 (2.3) 27.5 (3.6) 20.7 ( 5.0) 12.7 ( 9.0) 21.2 (3.9) 54.5 (6.0)
Massachusetts 22.5 (2.4) 30.5 (4.0) 19.0 (11.4) -- -- 26.4 (4.3) 59.2 (5.5)
Michigan 27.5 (2.0) 33.6 (2.8) 33.1 ( 6.1) 32.9 (10.6) 30.4 (3.5) 60.9 (3.9)
Minnesota 23.3 (1.5) 28.2 (2.7) 42.3 (13.8) -- -- 25.9 (2.8) 55.4 (3.6)
Mississippi 24.1 (2.5) 27.2 (3.4) 20.1 ( 4.7) 39.3 (15.5) 25.4 (4.0) 57.7 (5.4)
Missouri 25.1 (2.4) 30.2 (3.4) 25.0 ( 8.3) -- -- 25.8 (4.6) 54.8 (5.4)
Montana 20.9 (2.6) 25.9 (4.2) -- -- -- -- 24.6 (5.1) 51.9 (6.7)
Nebraska 22.0 (2.5) 27.2 (3.8) -- -- -- -- 23.9 (4.8) 50.7 (6.1)
New
Hampshire 23.8 (2.4) 30.2 (3.8) -- -- -- -- 23.8 (4.3) 58.5 (5.4)
New Jersey 22.4 (2.4) 27.1 (3.9) 30.7 (11.7) 17.2 (10.1) 24.5 (4.5) 56.1 (5.7)
New Mexico 16.4 (2.2) 21.4 (3.8) -- -- 14.0 ( 3.4) 17.8 (4.1) 55.5 (7.4)
New York 22.9 (2.1) 26.8 (3.2) 19.6 ( 4.8) 22.7 ( 6.6) 26.5 (4.0) 53.5 (4.5)
North Carolina 23.9 (2.2) 27.7 (3.0) 23.5 ( 5.3) -- -- 21.8 (4.0) 55.5 (4.8)
North Dakota 19.8 (2.1) 22.8 (3.1) -- -- -- -- 19.4 (3.6) 54.7 (5.6)
Ohio 22.9 (2.6) 28.1 (3.6) 21.5 ( 8.2) -- -- 25.9 (4.5) 42.0 (5.9)
Oklahoma 25.0 (2.4) 32.2 (3.7) 18.7 ( 8.9) -- -- 25.2 (4.3) 56.1 (5.2)
Oregon 20.6 (1.5) 27.0 (2.5) -- -- 20.9 ( 8.1) 20.8 (2.7) 55.1 (3.9)
Pennsylvania 25.3 (1.9) 28.7 (2.6) 22.9 ( 6.7) -- -- 29.6 (3.6) 54.8 (4.2)
Rhode Island 24.9 (2.2) 32.2 (3.4) -- -- -- -- 27.0 (4.1) 55.5 (4.6)
South Carolina 22.8 (2.2) 27.3 (3.1) 16.5 ( 3.9) -- -- 24.9 (4.1) 52.4 (5.1)
South Dakota 22.8 (2.0) 25.7 (3.0) -- -- -- -- 24.0 (3.9) 60.4 (4.8)
Tennessee 28.1 (1.9) 33.1 (2.6) 27.5 ( 5.0) -- -- 29.7 (3.4) 42.9 (4.0)
Texas 21.8 (2.3) 27.5 (3.6) 20.2 ( 7.2) 20.6 ( 5.4) 21.5 (3.8) 59.2 (5.6)
Utah 14.3 (1.8) 25.4 (3.6) -- -- 18.6 ( 5.2) 14.2 (3.1) 58.0 (6.2)
Vermont 21.5 (2.4) 27.4 (3.9) -- -- -- -- 19.5 (4.3) 59.1 (5.4)
Virginia 21.5 (2.2) 28.5 (4.0) 20.9 ( 6.3) 22.4 (13.0) 19.6 (3.7) 59.9 (5.2)
Washington 23.1 (2.0) 30.4 (3.4) -- -- 29.4 (12.5) 24.8 (3.6) 58.8 (4.5)
West Virginia 25.2 (1.9) 29.3 (2.4) 32.0 (10.7) -- -- 28.0 (3.6) 47.3 (4.3)
Wisconsin 26.4 (2.6) 32.0 (3.9) -- -- -- -- 25.0 (4.4) 56.3 (5.6)
Median 23.0 28.1 21.7 21.1 24.6 55.6
Low 14.3 21.4 13.8 12.7 14.2 42.0
High 30.2 34.3 42.3 39.3 30.4 60.9
HP 2000
obj ** #3.4 <=15.0 <=20.0 <=18.0 <=18.0 <=12.0 >=50.0 +
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Fewer than 50 respondents.
* Ever smoked 100 cigarettes and currently smoke regularly.
+ Objective #3.6.
& Women ages 18-44 years.
@ Confidence interval.
** Healthy People 2000 objective was written for adults ages >=20 years.
======================================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_4 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size. TABLE 4. Prevalence of safety belt use * among adults ages >=18 years, in participating states -- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1991 ========================================================================================= State % (95 %CI +) State % (95% CI) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alabama 49.2 +/-(2.6) Missouri 58.2 +/-(2.8) Alaska 60.3 (3.5) Montana 46.5 (3.1) Arizona 71.2 (2.7) Nebraska 28.7 (2.6) Arkansas 49.5 (3.2) New Hampshire 46.2 (2.8) California 74.7 (1.8) New Jersey 71.8 (2.7) Colorado 63.7 (2.6) New Mexico 72.7 (2.8) Connecticut 62.9 (2.6) New York 64.6 (2.5) Delaware 53.0 (2.8) North Carolina 73.7 (2.4) District of Columbia 62.0 (2.9) North Dakota 29.1 (2.5) Florida 68.7 (2.4) Ohio 58.1 (3.1) Georgia 58.7 (2.7) Oklahoma 57.2 (2.9) Hawaii 87.8 (1.6) Oregon 74.9 (1.7) Idaho 48.2 (2.6) Pennsylvania 52.9 (2.2) Illinois 56.5 (2.5) Rhode Island 39.0 (2.5) Indiana 53.2 (2.4) South Carolina 64.6 (2.6) Iowa 58.9 (2.7) South Dakota 22.8 (2.1) Kentucky 42.4 (2.6) Tennessee 56.0 (2.1) Louisiana 63.9 (2.7) Texas 70.8 (2.7) Maine 42.8 (3.0) Utah 46.4 (2.6) Maryland 71.8 (2.6) Vermont 50.7 (2.7) Massachusetts 40.0 (2.8) Virginia 72.5 (2.4) Michigan 66.0 (2.1) Washington 72.2 (2.1) Minnesota 58.4 (1.9) West Virginia 40.8 (2.1) Mississippi 35.6 (2.6) Wisconsin 52.2 (3.0) Median 58.2 Low 22.8 High 87.8 HP 2000 obj #9.12 & >=85.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Persons who report always using a seat belt. + Confidence interval. & Healthy People 2000 objective was written for adults ages >=20 years. ========================================================================================= Return to top. Table_5 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size. TABLE 5. Percentage of respondents who had blood cholesterol checked within previous 5 years among adults ages >=18 years, in participating states -- Behavioral Risk Factor Factor Surveillance System, 1991 ====================================================================================== State % (95% CI *) State % (95% CI) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Alabama 63.2 +/-(2.5) Missouri 65.0 +/-(2.6) Alaska 57.1 (3.7) Montana 58.6 (3.3) Arizona 60.8 (3.0) Nebraska 60.9 (3.0) Arkansas 58.9 (2.9) New Hampshire 70.2 (2.6) California 63.3 (2.1) New Jersey 71.2 (2.9) Colorado 63.6 (2.7) New Mexico 56.2 (3.1) Connecticut 71.3 (2.5) New York 66.4 (2.4) Delaware 62.9 (2.9) North Carolina 66.3 (2.6) District of Columbia 66.2 (3.0) North Dakota 63.1 (2.5) Florida 71.1 (2.3) Ohio 63.2 (2.9) Georgia 62.0 (2.6) Oklahoma 65.0 (2.8) Hawaii 64.5 (2.5) Oregon 64.9 (1.8) Idaho 61.4 (2.5) Pennsylvania 65.0 (2.1) Illinois 61.4 (2.5) Rhode Island 69.6 (2.5) Indiana 60.3 (2.3) South Carolina 63.7 (2.6) Iowa 66.2 (2.6) South Dakota 63.0 (2.5) Kentucky 57.9 (2.5) Tennessee 63.4 (2.1) Louisiana 60.8 (2.8) Texas 60.0 (2.9) Maine 65.0 (2.9) Utah 57.6 (2.6) Maryland 65.8 (2.7) Vermont 66.5 (2.6) Massachusetts 68.0 (2.7) Virginia 67.3 (2.6) Michigan 66.8 (2.1) Washington 67.0 (2.2) Minnesota 67.5 (1.8) West Virginia 62.8 (2.2) Mississippi 56.9 (2.7) Wisconsin 65.1 (2.9) Median 63.7 Low 56.2 High 71.3 HP 2000 obj + #15.14 >=75.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ * Confidence interval. + Healthy People 2000 objective was written for adults ages >=20 years. ====================================================================================== Return to top. Table_6 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
TABLE 6. Percentage of women ages >=40 years who had ever had a clinical breast
examination and a mammogram, in participating states, by selected characteristics --
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1991
=======================================================================================================================================
Less than high
school
Total population Low income + education Age >=70 years Blacks Hispanics
---------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
State % (95% CI*) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 66.6 +/-(3.7) 53.4 +/-( 7.7) 57.4 +/-( 6.6) 55.0 +/-( 7.9) 62.2 +/-( 8.9) -- +/- --
Alaska 72.5 (6.9) -- 51.2 (16.1) -- -- -- -- --
Arizona 67.1 (4.8) 55.0 (13.4) 55.3 (12.6) 69.6 ( 8.3) -- -- 60.9 (13.7)
Arkansas 55.9 (5.1) 36.0 ( 9.6) 40.5 ( 8.9) 46.9 ( 8.8) -- -- -- --
California 77.5 (3.3) 69.7 ( 8.8) 61.4 (10.0) 72.2 ( 7.0) 76.3 (12.8) 67.8 (10.6)
Colorado 73.1 (4.0) 53.6 (12.4) 48.8 (13.9) 68.8 ( 9.1) -- -- -- --
Connecticut 73.8 (4.1) 47.1 (12.7) 55.9 (11.6) 58.6 ( 9.5) -- -- -- --
Delaware 72.5 (4.4) 59.8 (12.6) 62.4 ( 9.7) 64.6 ( 9.1) 63.7 (13.7) -- --
District of
Columbia 83.1 (4.0) 69.4 (13.4) 77.4 ( 9.9) 79.5 ( 8.0) 84.8 ( 4.7) -- --
Florida 72.9 (3.5) 60.1 ( 8.8) 60.3 ( 8.4) 69.6 ( 6.8) 75.4 (10.7) 59.9 (12.1)
Georgia 71.1 (4.2) 54.2 ( 9.4) 60.0 ( 8.0) 59.3 ( 9.5) 57.5 ( 9.6) -- --
Hawaii 70.1 (4.5) 60.6 (13.3) 62.7 (10.4) 66.2 (10.0) -- -- -- --
Idaho 67.5 (4.0) 53.1 ( 9.1) 57.3 ( 8.4) 58.4 ( 7.4) -- -- -- --
Illinois 67.0 (4.4) 50.3 ( 9.0) 63.7 ( 9.8) 58.0 ( 8.0) 67.4 (11.3) -- --
Indiana 64.4 (3.8) 45.8 ( 9.8) 47.2 ( 8.0) 51.1 ( 7.7) 52.9 (14.1) -- --
Iowa 62.6 (4.7) 48.0 (11.5) 57.5 (11.2) 53.3 ( 8.0) -- -- -- --
Kentucky 61.3 (4.1) 46.4 ( 7.6) 47.8 ( 6.9) 48.3 ( 8.2) -- -- -- --
Louisiana 55.5 (4.6) 46.8 ( 8.7) 41.3 ( 8.1) 47.3 ( 9.5) 49.2 (10.1) -- --
Maine 76.3 (4.4) 62.0 (10.4) 63.0 ( 9.8) 68.0 ( 9.7) -- -- -- --
Maryland 76.3 (3.9) -- -- 59.4 (10.5) 66.1 ( 9.6) 78.5 ( 7.5) -- --
Massachusetts 75.8 (4.7) 61.6 (12.7) 61.7 (13.3) 67.2 ( 9.4) -- -- -- --
Michigan 72.3 (3.5) 60.7 ( 8.2) 56.6 ( 7.9) 61.7 ( 7.1) 63.4 (12.0) -- --
Minnesota 77.6 (2.8) 65.3 ( 7.4) 68.5 ( 7.6) 63.6 ( 6.0) -- -- -- --
Mississippi 58.7 (4.2) 46.9 ( 8.4) 46.0 ( 7.5) 51.9 ( 8.4) 44.8 ( 9.1) -- --
Missouri 66.4 (4.2) 58.6 ( 9.4) 58.3 ( 8.7) 61.7 ( 7.9) -- -- -- --
Montana 69.6 (4.7) 42.7 (11.2) 46.8 (13.3) 55.1 ( 9.4) -- -- -- --
Nebraska 59.6 (4.9) 47.5 (10.4) 49.8 (11.4) 49.1 ( 8.0) -- -- -- --
New
Hampshire 76.7 (4.2) 54.7 (12.2) 63.2 (12.8) 52.9 (11.0) -- -- -- --
New Jersey 67.2 (4.4) -- -- 60.8 (12.7) 57.1 ( 8.9) -- -- -- --
New Mexico 61.0 (6.1) 49.8 (16.6) 48.4 (14.9) 46.8 (14.7) -- -- 51.6 (10.8)
New York 68.0 (4.2) 62.6 (10.5) 55.0 ( 9.0) 63.5 ( 8.1) 72.0 (11.4) -- --
North Carolina 66.8 (4.4) 59.8 ( 8.4) 51.8 ( 7.8) 61.3 ( 7.3) 61.8 (11.4) -- --
North Dakota 72.1 (4.0) 62.9 ( 9.0) 59.0 ( 8.2) 64.5 ( 7.0) -- -- -- --
Ohio 65.1 (5.2) 63.7 (12.0) 57.6 (11.1) 56.1 (10.8) -- -- -- --
Oklahoma 63.8 (4.6) 44.6 ( 9.3) 52.8 ( 9.8) 56.4 ( 8.6) -- -- -- --
Oregon 79.4 (2.5) 66.3 ( 7.7) 67.6 ( 8.6) 73.1 ( 5.3) -- -- -- --
Pennsylvania 69.1 (3.6) 65.1 ( 8.1) 56.6 ( 8.2) 55.9 ( 7.6) 70.8 (13.0) -- --
Rhode Island 76.0 (3.9) 70.8 ( 8.9) 74.7 ( 7.0) 67.0 ( 7.5) -- -- -- --
South Carolina 67.5 (3.9) 50.1 ( 8.0) 54.2 ( 7.0) 56.5 ( 6.8) 57.6 ( 8.4) -- --
South Dakota 67.4 (4.0) 52.1 ( 9.4) 59.5 ( 9.4) 58.7 ( 7.3) -- -- -- --
Tennessee 66.1 (3.4) 52.0 ( 6.9) 52.3 ( 6.4) 58.3 ( 7.0) 64.5 (10.4) -- --
Texas 70.6 (4.4) 52.4 (10.6) 50.9 (10.0) 60.8 (10.0) 55.2 (16.6) 55.7 (13.0)
Utah 69.8 (4.5) 60.6 (13.7) 66.4 (12.5) 67.9 ( 8.0) -- -- 68.8 (11.8)
Vermont 73.1 (4.0) 53.8 (11.9) 60.5 (11.3) 57.4 ( 9.6) -- -- -- --
Virginia 70.6 (4.8) 51.6 (12.7) 61.5 (10.3) 65.5 (10.7) 60.7 (13.6) -- --
Washington 81.4 (3.4) 66.1 (13.4) 63.9 (12.5) 78.3 ( 7.0) -- -- -- --
West Virginia 61.2 (3.5) 46.9 ( 6.2) 48.6 ( 6.0) 58.2 ( 6.3) -- -- -- --
Wisconsin 74.1 (4.8) 47.0 (12.6) 50.8 (12.7) 55.8 (10.3) -- -- -- --
Median 69.7 53.8 57.4 59.0 62.8 60.4
Low 55.5 36.0 40.5 46.8 44.8 51.6
High 83.8 70.8 77.4 79.5 84.8 68.8
HP 2000
obj & #16.11 >=80.0 >=80.0 >=80.0 >=80.0 >=80.0 >=80.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Fewer than 50 respondents.
* Confidence interval.
+ Annual family income <$10,000.
& Healthy People 2000 objective.
=======================================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_7 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
TABLE 7. Percentage of women ages >=50 years who had a clinical breast examination and
a mammogram during the previous 2 years, in participating states, by selected
characteristics -- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1991
=======================================================================================================================================
Less than high
school
Total population Low income + education Age >=70 years Blacks Hispanics
---------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
State % (95% CI *) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% Cl) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 53.2 +/-( 4.8) 38.3 +/-( 7.9) 46.6 +/-( 7.1) 47.1 +/-( 8.1) 45.8 +/-(11.0) -- +/- --
Alaska 61.4 (10.3) -- -- 34.4 (15.0) -- -- -- -- -- --
Arizona 56.0 ( 5.9) 43.8 (14.7) 44.0 (14.1) 58.2 ( 8.8) -- -- -- --
Arkansas 45.7 ( 6.0) 31.7 ( 9.8) 36.1 ( 9.5) 39.1 ( 8.4) -- -- -- --
California 64.1 ( 4.5) 54.9 ( 9.8) 51.8 (11.2) 59.1 ( 7.6) -- -- 56.7 (15.2)
Colorado 59.9 ( 5.8) 39.6 (13.4) 30.3 (13.3) 56.3 (10.4) -- -- -- --
Connecticut 60.7 ( 5.5) 41.6 (12.5) 44.0 (12.5) 49.9 ( 9.5) -- -- -- --
Delaware 61.6 ( 5.6) 45.7 (13.2) 51.8 (10.7) 50.6 ( 9.6) -- -- -- --
District of
Columbia 82.8 ( 4.6) 76.2 (13.4) 80.7 ( 9.7) 76.9 ( 8.5) 86.9 ( 4.8) -- --
Florida 62.3 ( 4.3) 47.3 ( 9.0) 52.0 ( 9.0) 59.3 ( 7.2) 60.4 (13.3) 55.5 (13.8)
Georgia 57.6 ( 5.9) 42.4 ( 9.9) 50.5 ( 8.7) 48.3 ( 9.5) 42.5 (12.0) -- --
Hawaii 60.8 ( 5.7) 54.3 (15.0) 49.8 (11.4) 53.1 (10.8) -- -- -- --
Idaho 52.7 ( 5.0) 34.7 ( 9.5) 37.8 ( 8.7) 43.4 ( 7.5) -- -- -- --
Illinois 59.2 ( 5.4) 48.0 ( 9.4) 58.7 (10.2) 50.3 ( 8.1) 60.6 (15.4) -- --
Indiana 49.7 ( 4.7) 37.0 ( 9.7) 41.2 ( 8.3) 37.9 ( 7.2) -- -- -- --
Iowa 51.6 ( 5.5) 38.9 (11.6) 43.3 (11.0) 43.6 ( 7.8) -- -- -- --
Kentucky 49.5 ( 5.1) 34.8 ( 8.1) 36.4 ( 7.3) 38.7 ( 8.0) -- -- -- --
Louisiana 45.6 ( 5.5) 35.9 ( 9.1) 36.2 ( 8.8) 39.4 ( 9.6) 32.8 (11.3) -- --
Maine 65.0 ( 5.8) 50.9 (11.1) 57.2 (10.6) 58.5 (10.8) -- -- -- --
Maryland 69.3 ( 5.3) -- -- 53.7 (12.5) 55.0 (10.8) 75.0 (10.5) -- --
Massachusetts 67.5 ( 6.1) 57.8 (13.2) 56.2 (14.1) 56.7 (10.2) -- -- -- --
Michigan 61.0 ( 4.6) 45.6 ( 8.9) 44.9 ( 8.5) 48.3 ( 7.6) -- -- -- --
Minnesota 65.0 ( 3.8) 50.9 ( 7.9) 54.5 ( 8.0) 50.8 ( 6.2) -- -- -- --
Mississippi 45.7 ( 5.1) 35.0 ( 8.4) 34.3 ( 7.7) 34.4 ( 7.6) 34.8 (10.5) -- --
Missouri 57.3 ( 5.2) 42.9 (10.4) 50.2 ( 9.0) 51.0 ( 8.2) -- -- -- --
Montana 52.8 ( 6.3) 30.0 (11.1) 32.5 (13.1) 42.2 ( 9.9) -- -- -- --
Nebraska 46.0 ( 5.5) 33.6 (10.2) 34.0 (10.9) 37.9 ( 7.9) -- -- -- --
New Hampshire 63.8 ( 6.0) 45.6 (12.4) 58.0 (14.3) 45.8 (10.9) -- -- -- --
New Jersey 55.9 ( 5.4) -- -- 51.1 (13.7) 44.8 ( 9.2) -- -- -- --
New Mexico 52.6 ( 8.1) -- -- 42.0 (15.4) 32.6 (12.9) -- -- 41.6 (13.8)
New York 54.4 ( 5.4) 45.0 (11.7) 40.7 ( 9.8) 46.8 ( 8.8) -- -- -- --
North Carolina 58.8 ( 5.0) 51.5 ( 9.0) 46.3 ( 8.0) 54.3 ( 7.6) 49.2 (13.7) -- --
North Dakota 59.3 ( 4.9) 50.6 ( 9.2) 48.7 ( 8.6) 54.1 ( 7.4) -- -- -- --
Ohio 51.3 ( 6.4) 50.2 (13.0) 47.3 (12.0) 46.0 (10.9) -- -- -- --
Oklahoma 49.6 ( 5.5) 29.0 ( 9.0) 40.9 (10.2) 42.9 ( 8.4) -- -- -- --
Oregon 64.2 ( 3.6) 40.3 ( 8.5) 51.3 ( 9.4) 53.7 ( 6.0) -- -- -- --
Pennsylvania 58.1 ( 4.5) 56.2 ( 9.2) 46.0 ( 8.8) 48.5 ( 7.7) -- -- -- --
Rhode Island 62.4 ( 5.2) 60.4 (10.1) 62.5 ( 8.6) 53.1 ( 8.3) -- -- -- --
South Carolina 57.5 ( 4.6) 40.5 ( 8.4) 44.6 ( 7.4) 47.0 ( 6.8) 46.9 (10.1) -- --
South Dakota 54.8 ( 5.0) 34.2 ( 9.2) 41.3 ( 9.0) 41.0 ( 7.4) -- -- -- --
Tennessee 55.3 ( 4.4) 41.0 ( 7.3) 43.4 ( 6.7) 50.8 ( 7.2) 64.2 (12.1) -- --
Texas 52.9 ( 6.0) 35.4 (11.7) 36.1 (10.1) 41.8 ( 9.7) -- -- -- --
Utah 57.2 ( 5.4) 41.2 (14.9) 52.7 (14.3) 51.0 ( 8.7) -- -- -- --
Vermont 61.0 ( 5.7) 27.3 (10.8) 36.4 (12.0) 42.3 (10.1) -- -- -- --
Virginia 58.3 ( 6.6) 45.3 (13.7) 48.0 (12.1) 56.7 (11.1) 42.4 (16.3) -- --
Washington 67.0 ( 4.9) 39.4 (14.5) 48.4 (13.5) 63.0 ( 8.2) -- -- -- --
West Virginia 52.1 ( 4.0) 39.2 ( 6.4) 39.5 ( 6.3) 47.8 ( 6.3) -- -- -- --
Wisconsin 58.9 ( 6.3) 37.3 (12.4) 42.3 (12.7) 41.3 (10.4) -- -- -- --
Median 57.8 41.4 45.4 48.3 48.0 55.5
Low 45.6 27.3 30.3 32.6 15.6 41.6
High 82.8 76.2 80.7 76.9 86.9 56.7
HP 2000
obj & #16.11 >=60.0 >=60.0 >=60.0 >=60.0 >=60.0 >=60.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Fewer than 50 respondents.
* Confidence interval.
+ Annual family income <$10,000.
& Healthy People 2000 objective.
=======================================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_8 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
TABLE 8. Percentage of women ages >=18 years with an intact uterine cervix who had
ever had a Pap smear, in participating states, by selected characteristics -- Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1991
=====================================================================================================================
Less than high
Total population Low income + school education Age >=70 years Hispanics
---------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------- ----------------
State % (95% CI *) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 92.5 +/-(2.2) 84.8 +/-( 5.9) 87.2 +/-( 5.4) 78.0 +/-( 8.6) -- +/- --
Alaska 93.0 (3.6) 82.6 (13.6) 73.9 (18.5) 78.3 (20.6) -- --
Arizona 91.0 (3.0) 87.8 ( 9.4) 91.2 ( 6.6) 93.8 ( 5.6) 84.1 ( 8.6)
Arkansas 91.5 (2.5) 75.3 ( 8.9) 83.6 ( 6.5) 79.5 ( 8.5) -- --
California 90.1 (2.1) 83.5 ( 6.2) 73.7 ( 7.9) 89.5 ( 6.4) 80.8 ( 5.5)
Colorado 95.3 (1.8) 92.6 ( 5.0) 88.9 ( 9.5) 89.6 ( 7.3) 100.0 ( 0.0)
Connecticut 93.2 (2.1) 82.6 ( 8.9) 83.7 ( 9.3) 82.1 ( 9.0) -- --
Delaware 93.4 (2.4) 84.2 (12.4) 87.5 ( 7.5) 78.8 ( 9.6) -- --
District of
Columbia 92.9 (2.3) 89.7 ( 6.4) 90.3 ( 6.6) 86.2 ( 8.9) -- --
Florida 89.9 (2.6) 76.8 (10.1) 83.3 ( 7.0) 87.3 ( 6.3) 76.1 ( 8.7)
Georgia 94.1 (2.4) 88.3 ( 7.3) 84.4 ( 9.5) 81.7 (11.3) -- --
Hawaii 89.3 (2.7) 84.1 (10.2) 82.1 ( 8.6) 86.8 ( 9.0) 91.4 (10.1)
Idaho 93.4 (2.2) 80.2 ( 9.5) 94.9 ( 4.1) 91.4 ( 5.2) -- --
Illinois 87.1 (2.7) 72.9 ( 7.8) 79.6 ( 8.1) 74.8 ( 8.9) -- --
Indiana 93.6 (1.8) 79.5 ( 8.0) 89.0 ( 5.1) 85.0 ( 6.1) -- --
Iowa 93.2 (2.4) 81.0 ( 9.3) 88.4 ( 7.9) 79.6 ( 9.1) -- --
Kentucky 91.7 (2.2) 89.3 ( 5.1) 85.5 ( 5.5) 76.5 (10.0) -- --
Louisiana 92.5 (2.4) 84.7 ( 6.4) 82.2 ( 8.3) 82.5 ( 9.4) -- --
Maine 95.1 (2.1) 86.9 ( 7.9) 84.7 ( 7.9) 85.3 (10.2) -- --
Maryland 92.4 (2.3) -- -- 84.3 (11.3) 84.0 ( 9.6) -- --
Massachusetts 92.0 (2.3) 87.3 ( 7.5) 73.6 (13.0) 80.2 ( 9.9) -- --
Michigan 94.2 (1.6) 91.7 ( 4.2) 90.5 ( 4.4) 84.9 ( 6.8) -- --
Minnesota 92.9 (1.6) 82.2 ( 6.2) 84.9 ( 6.4) 82.5 ( 6.1) -- --
Mississippi 89.2 (2.9) 84.0 ( 6.2) 81.6 ( 7.9) 72.2 (10.0) -- --
Missouri 92.6 (2.6) 81.2 (11.4) 92.7 ( 4.5) 84.2 ( 7.3) -- --
Montana 93.1 (3.1) 87.8 ( 7.7) 80.9 (14.3) 81.6 ( 8.9) -- --
Nebraska 93.5 (2.6) 92.3 ( 5.1) 84.4 ( 9.6) 85.0 ( 7.2) -- --
New Hampshire 93.7 (2.3) 83.3 (10.2) 84.7 (10.8) 81.6 ( 9.6) -- --
New Jersey 90.8 (2.4) -- -- 78.9 (11.4) 88.9 ( 6.0) -- --
New Mexico 88.8 (3.5) 77.5 (10.9) 81.1 (11.8) -- -- 81.7 ( 7.0)
New York 86.8 (2.5) 82.9 ( 7.8) 72.9 ( 8.4) 76.3 ( 8.2) 84.8 ( 7.4)
North Carolina 92.4 (2.5) 88.0 ( 6.0) 80.7 ( 8.7) 86.6 ( 6.2) -- --
North Dakota 91.2 (2.6) 85.2 ( 6.8) 76.2 (10.3) 84.5 ( 6.5) -- --
Ohio 91.4 (2.8) 84.0 ( 9.2) 87.7 ( 8.1) 85.1 ( 9.5) -- --
Oklahoma 93.1 (2.5) 86.1 ( 7.7) 93.2 ( 5.4) 86.0 ( 8.3) -- --
Oregon 95.2 (1.5) 91.0 ( 6.4) 91.7 ( 6.5) 91.5 ( 5.0) 93.4 ( 7.5)
Pennsylvania 92.3 (1.8) 81.8 ( 7.3) 89.3 ( 5.3) 88.7 ( 5.1) -- --
Rhode Island 91.8 (2.3) 85.7 ( 7.9) 87.2 ( 6.1) 81.3 ( 8.2) -- --
South Carolina 94.1 (1.8) 83.8 ( 6.3) 89.9 ( 4.4) 84.3 ( 6.3) -- --
South Dakota 93.8 (2.0) 86.6 ( 6.9) 83.2 ( 9.1) 88.8 ( 5.6) -- --
Tennessee 91.5 (1.8) 86.7 ( 4.6) 88.6 ( 3.9) 76.5 ( 9.0) -- --
Texas 91.4 (2.5) 83.6 ( 8.4) 78.4 ( 8.1) 82.6 ( 9.1) 86.7 ( 5.4)
Utah 90.9 (2.7) 79.9 (11.5) 84.1 (10.8) 93.5 ( 5.8) 87.4 ( 8.0)
Vermont 92.4 (2.5) 83.1 (10.4) 84.7 ( 8.5) 81.0 ( 9.2) -- --
Virginia 91.7 (2.5) 79.1 (13.3) 84.8 ( 7.7) 85.6 ( 8.5) -- --
Washington 94.9 (1.8) 95.3 ( 5.7) 89.9 ( 8.1) 93.6 ( 5.7) -- --
West Virginia 91.2 (2.0) 84.6 ( 5.2) 88.6 ( 4.4) 79.7 ( 6.6) -- --
Wisconsin 91.6 (2.8) 83.5 (10.3) 77.6 (12.3) 75.9 (12.4) -- --
Median 92.4 83.9 84.7 84.2 85.8
Low 86.8 70.1 72.9 72.2 76.1
High 95.3 95.3 94.9 93.8 100.0
HP 2000
obj & #16.12 >=95.0 >=95.0 >=95.0 >=95.0 =>95.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Fewer than 50 respondents.
* Confidence interval.
+ Annual family income <$10,000.
& Healthy People 2000 objective.
=====================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_9 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
TABLE 9. Percentage of women ages >=18 years with an intact uterine cervix who had
had a Pap smear during the previous 2 years, * in participating states, by selected
characteristics -- Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1991
===================================================================================================================
Less than
Total high school
population Low income & education Age >=70 years Hispanics
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
State % (95% CI +) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama 82.4 +/-(2.9) 70.6 +/-( 7.2) 68.5 +/-( 7.5) 55.5 +/-(10.6) -- +/- --
Alaska 83.0 (4.5) 73.9 (14.9) 63.1 (18.3) -- -- -- --
Arizona 78.9 (3.8) 72.6 (11.0) 73.2 (10.4) 65.5 (11.6) 71.8 ( 9.8)
Arkansas 74.7 (4.1) 55.2 (11.0) 53.5 ( 9.8) 55.7 (11.1) -- --
California 80.4 (2.6) 73.5 ( 7.0) 62.8 ( 8.4) 72.7 ( 9.4) 74.8 ( 5.9)
Colorado 84.2 (2.9) 71.8 ( 9.4) 65.3 (12.8) 57.8 (13.2) 94.1 ( 5.6)
Connecticut 81.7 (3.0) 65.4 (11.9) 63.7 (12.0) 55.8 (11.4) -- --
Delaware 82.4 (3.1) 61.7 (13.2) 68.2 ( 9.5) 57.4 (10.9) -- --
District of
Columbia 87.5 (3.0) 81.9 ( 9.3) 83.6 ( 8.7) 75.1 (11.1) -- --
Florida 76.1 (3.3) 62.8 (10.5) 63.1 ( 9.4) 64.0 ( 9.0) 62.7 ( 9.5)
Georgia 82.7 (3.3) 64.9 ( 9.9) 59.2 (10.2) 47.4 (12.9) -- --
Hawaii 79.3 (3.3) 71.5 (11.3) 71.9 ( 9.7) 63.1 (11.9) 83.3 (11.4)
Idaho 78.0 (3.4) 60.8 (10.2) 74.1 ( 8.0) 56.8 (10.9) -- --
Illinois 79.1 (3.1) 63.8 ( 8.1) 69.8 ( 9.2) 52.4 (10.9) -- --
Indiana 79.4 (2.8) 65.4 ( 9.3) 67.0 ( 8.7) 49.3 ( 9.5) -- --
Iowa 80.8 (3.1) 67.9 (10.2) 66.5 (11.2) 60.0 (10.1) -- --
Kentucky 77.2 (3.1) 63.1 ( 7.5) 60.9 ( 7.2) 43.8 (10.9) -- --
Louisiana 82.4 (3.2) 73.3 ( 7.4) 62.2 ( 9.5) 49.2 (13.6) -- --
Maine 83.3 (3.7) 74.0 ( 9.7) 68.7 (11.3) 69.6 (12.3) -- --
Maryland 84.9 (2.8) -- -- 67.5 (12.4) 57.6 (14.3) -- --
Massachusetts 77.4 (3.6) 69.4 (10.8) 53.1 (14.6) 49.0 (12.5) -- --
Michigan 79.7 (2.7) 75.6 ( 6.5) 72.7 ( 6.9) 53.8 ( 9.7) -- --
Minnesota 79.8 (2.2) 66.3 ( 6.8) 63.7 ( 8.4) 52.0 ( 7.4) -- --
Mississippi 75.6 (3.5) 67.4 ( 7.3) 57.6 ( 9.0) 50.7 (10.3) -- --
Missouri 83.7 (3.3) 71.1 (11.3) 77.1 ( 8.4) 66.0 ( 9.3) -- --
Montana 78.8 (4.0) 74.4 ( 9.7) 59.8 (14.9) 57.1 (11.9) -- --
Nebraska 78.5 (3.7) 76.3 ( 7.9) 58.3 (13.2) 55.6 (10.2) -- --
New Hampshire 79.4 (3.4) 54.8 (12.1) 54.3 (13.0) 46.0 (13.1) -- --
New Jersey 77.3 (3.3) -- -- 53.7 (13.3) 59.2 (10.8) -- --
New Mexico 75.7 (4.7) 51.0 (13.4) 49.0 (14.0) -- -- 71.6 ( 7.7)
New York 78.3 (3.0) 73.6 ( 8.8) 60.0 ( 9.1) 56.1 (10.4) 76.3 ( 9.4)
North Carolina 83.5 (3.1) 78.4 ( 7.0) 67.3 ( 9.1) 66.2 ( 9.0) -- --
North Dakota 76.0 (3.3) 65.7 ( 8.7) 48.6 (10.3) 50.5 ( 8.8) -- --
Ohio 80.2 (3.9) 68.5 (10.8) 60.9 (12.6) 59.0 (14.1) -- --
Oklahoma 79.3 (3.6) 69.7 ( 9.8) 73.5 ( 9.7) 54.5 (12.3) -- --
Oregon 83.4 (2.2) 77.6 ( 7.5) 68.9 ( 9.1) 63.4 ( 8.3) 81.5 (13.0)
Pennsylvania 76.5 (2.8) 63.8 ( 8.5) 62.4 ( 8.5) 53.5 ( 9.4) -- --
Rhode Island 77.0 (3.5) 71.3 ( 9.6) 62.1 ( 9.4) 54.5 (10.6) -- --
South Carolina 86.2 (2.4) 69.4 ( 7.7) 80.6 ( 5.8) 61.5 ( 8.4) -- --
South Dakota 81.4 (2.8) 72.3 ( 8.1) 60.7 (10.4) 57.2 ( 9.0) -- --
Tennessee 81.0 (2.6) 70.2 ( 6.2) 71.0 ( 6.1) 54.7 (10.0) -- --
Texas 78.6 (3.5) 59.2 (10.5) 62.3 ( 9.3) 58.6 (13.3) 74.5 ( 7.8)
Utah 77.3 (3.5) 68.1 (11.9) 68.5 (13.3) 66.2 (10.3) 68.0 ( 9.8)
Vermont 80.1 (3.2) 61.1 (11.5) 66.2 (10.8) 48.3 (12.0) -- --
Virginia 86.3 (2.9) 74.5 (13.5) 77.7 ( 9.3) 66.8 (12.8) -- --
Washington 85.4 (2.5) 75.8 (10.6) 82.2 ( 9.6) 72.6 ( 9.8) -- --
West Virginia 73.7 (2.8) 66.2 ( 6.1) 60.5 ( 6.5) 52.0 ( 7.8) -- --
Wisconsin 80.6 (3.7) 67.1 (12.5) 68.2 (13.4) 50.6 (13.5) -- --
Median 79.7 69.4 64.5 55.9 73.6
Low 73.7 51.0 48.6 43.8 62.7
High 87.5 81.9 83.6 75.1 94.1
HP 2000
obj @ #16.12 >=85.0 >=80.0 >=75.0 >=70.0 >=80.0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Fewer than 50 respondents.
* Healthy People 2000 objective specifies within the previous 3 years, rather than 2 years.
+ Confidence interval.
& Annual family income <$10,000.
@ Healthy People 2000 objective.
===================================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_A1 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
APPENDIX 1. Year 2000 health objectives for the nation: state summary of BRFSS *
data for 1991
==================================================================================================
State:____________________________________________
BRFSS, 1991
Year 2000 low-median-high @
Healthy People 2000 + objective & target (%) State, 1991
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Overweight (objective/#2.3)
Ages >=18 <=20% 17.8-23.4- 28.7 ____________________
Low-income (annual family
income $<10,000) women ages
>=18 years <=25% 19.0-30.3- 42.3 ____________________
Black women ages >=18 years <=30% 25.0-39.0- 47.6 ____________________
Hispanic women ages >=18 years <=25% 17.0-24.4- 35.0 ____________________
Women with high blood pressure <=41% 24.0-40.5- 54.6 ____________________
Men with high blood pressure <=35% 30.4-42.5- 52.3 ____________________
No leisure-time physical activity
(objective #1.5)
Ages >=18 years <=15% 16.6-28.0- 42.6 ____________________
Low income (annual family
income <$20,000) ages >=18
years <=17% 22.1-37.3- 52.5 ____________________
Ages >=65 years <=22% 23.3-42.3- 56.3 ____________________
Cigarette smoking (objective #3.4)
Ages >=18 years <=15% 14.3-23.0- 30.2 ____________________
<= High school education
ages >=18 years <=20% 21.4-28.1- 34.3 ____________________
Blacks ages >=18 years <=18% 13.8-21.7- 42.3 ____________________
Hispanics ages >=18 years <=18% 12.7-21.1- 39.3 ____________________
Reproductive-aged (18-44 years)
women <=12% 14.2-24.6- 30.4 ____________________
Quit 1+ days in previous year
(objective #3.6)
Ages >=18 years >=50% 42.0-55.6- 60.9 ____________________
Safety belt use (objective #9.12)
Ages >=18 years >=85% 22.8-58.2- 87.8 ____________________
Cholesterol screening within
preceding 5 years
(objective #15.14)
Ages >=18 years >=75% 56.2-63.7- 71.3 ____________________
Clinical breast examination and
mammogram (ever had)
(objective #16.11)
Women ages >=40 years >=80% 55.5-69.7- 83.1 ____________________
Low income (annual family
income <$10,000) women
ages >=40 years >=80% 36.0-53.8- 70.8 ____________________
Less than high school education
women ages >=40 years >=80% 40.5-57.4- 77.4 ____________________
Women ages >=70 years >=80% 46.8-59.0- 79.5 ____________________
Black women ages >=40 years >=80% 44.8-62.8- 84.8 ____________________
Hispanic women ages >=40 years >=80% 51.6-60.4- 68.8 ____________________
Clinical breast examination and
mammogram (had within 2 years)
(objective #16.11)
Women ages >=50 years >=60% 45.6-57.8- 82.8 ____________________
Low income (annual family
income <$10,000) women
ages >=50 years >=60% 27.3-41.4- 76.2 ____________________
Less than high school education
women ages >=50 years >=60% 30.3-45.4- 80.7 ____________________
Women ages >=70 years >=60% 32.6-48.3- 76.9 ____________________
Black women ages >=50 years >=60% 32.8-48.0- 86.9 ____________________
Hispanic women ages >=50 years >=60% 41.6-55.5- 56.7 ____________________
Pap smear (ever had), women with
intact uterine cervix
(objective #16.12)
Ages >=18 years >=95% 86.8-92.4- 95.3 ____________________
Low income (annual family
income <$10,000) ages >=18
years >=95% 70.1-83.9- 95.3 ____________________
Less than high school education
ages >=18 years >=95% 72.9-84.7- 94.9 ____________________
Ages >=70 years >=95% 72.2-84.7- 93.8 ____________________
Hispanics ages >=18 years >=95% 76.1-85.8-100.0 ____________________
Pap smear (had within preceding
2 years), women with intact
uterine cervix (objective #16.12)
Ages >=18 years >=85% 73.7-79.7- 87.5 ____________________
Low income (annual family
income <$10,000) ages >=18
years >=80% 51.0-69.4- 81.9 ____________________
Less than high school education
ages >=18 years >=75% 48.6-64.5- 83.6 ____________________
Ages >=70 years >=70% 43.8-55.9- 75.1 ____________________
Hispanics ages >=18 years >=80% 62.7-73.6- 94.1 ____________________
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
+ Public Health Service. Healthy people 2000: national health promotion and disease prevention
objectives -- full report with commentary. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 1991.
& In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People
2000. See definitions in Methods Section for further explanation.
@ Among participating states.
==================================================================================================
Return to top. Table_A2 Note: To print large tables and graphs users may have to change their printer settings to landscape and use a small font size.
APPENDIX 2.
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System state coordinators, 1993
==================================================================================
State Coordinator Telephone
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama Laurie E. Eldridge, MPH 205-242-2848
Alaska Patricia G. Owen 907-465-3140
Arizona John R. Contreras, MPA 602-230-5945
Arkansas John W. Senner, PhD 501-661-2497
California Laura E. Lund, MA 916-327-7767
Colorado Marilyn G. Leff, MSW, MSPH 303-692-2168
Connecticut Mary L. Adams, MS, MPH 203-566-7867
Delaware Fred N. Breukelman, CHES 302-739-4787
District of Columbia Cynthia Y. Mitchell 202-727-4921
Florida Doris McTague 904-488-2901
Georgia Christopher W. Sellers, MD, MPH 404-894-4283
Hawaii Valerie F. Ah Cook, MPH 808-832-5951
Idaho Joanne E. Mitten, MHE 208-334-5933
Illinois Bruce F. Steiner, MS 217-782-3702
Indiana Raymond J. Guest, MPH 317-633-0268
Iowa Susan K. Schoon 515-281-3763
Kentucky Karen Bramblett 502-564-7112
Louisiana Shirley C. Kirkconnell, MSW, MPH 504-568-7210
Maine Randy H. Schwartz, MSPH 207-289-5180
Maryland Alyse R. Weinstein, MPH 410-225-6807
Massachusetts Ruth I. Lederman, MPH 617-727-2735
Michigan Harry McGee 517-335-9081
Minnesota Nagi Salem 612-623-5502
Mississippi Ellen C. Jones, MS, CHES 601-960-7499
Missouri Jeannette Jackson-Thompson, MSPH, PhD 314-876-3248
Montana Patrick Smith 406-444-2555
Nebraska Susan M. Huffman 402-471-3488
New Hampshire Kathleen L. Zaso, RN, MPA 603-271-4549
New Jersey Georgette K. Boeselager, MS 609-984-6138
New Mexico Lydia Pendley, MHS 505-827-2380
New York Colleen Baker 518-473-0622
North Carolina Chanetta R. Washington, MPH 919-733-7081
North Dakota Marge Maetzold, LN 701-224-2367
Ohio Ellen M. Capwell, PhD, CHES 614-466-2144
Oklahoma Neil E. Hann,MPH, CHES 405-271-5601
Oregon Joyce A. Grant-Worley, MS 503-731-4028
Pennsylvania Catherine J. Becker, MPH 717-787-5900
Rhode Island Jay S. Buechner, PhD 401-277-2550
South Carolina Marcia J. Lane, MPH 803-737-4120
South Dakota Barbara L. Miller 605-773-3361
Tennessee David L. Ridings 615-741-5246
Texas Roger Diamond, MPH 512-458-7405
Utah Rebecca P. Giles 801-538-6120
Vermont Margaret M. Brozicevic 802-863-7298
Virginia Ramona D. Schaeffer, MsEd 804-786-4065
Washington Teresa J. Jennings, MPA 206-586-8729
West Virginia Paul F. King 304-558-9100
Wisconsin Eleanor Cautley, NMS 608-267-9545
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
==================================================================================
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