HAI and Antimicrobial Use Prevalence Surveys

Overview

The Hospital Survey gathers data on all HAIs across all patients admitted to hospitals. This includes HAIs not routinely tracked by the National Healthcare Safety Network (such as infections that are not associated with a medical device or procedure).

Highlights

About the data

Hospital survey

Overview

The Hospital Survey gathers data on all HAIs across all patients admitted to hospitals. This includes HAIs not routinely tracked by the National Healthcare Safety Network (such as infections that are not associated with a medical device or procedure).

Methods

1. EIP staff selected small, medium and large hospitals (based on bed size) to invite to participate in the survey. Participation was voluntary.
2. Each participating hospital selected a single survey day between May and September.
3. Trained EIP staff members, and in some cases hospital staff members, reviewed medical records of a random sample of patients in the hospital on the survey day to collect demographic and basic clinical data.
4. Trained EIP staff members reviewed patients' medical records to collect detailed information on HAIs and antimicrobial medications, including information to evaluate the quality of antimicrobial prescribing in some patients.

Timeline

• Phase 1 (2009): Nine acute care hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida conducted a pilot survey to test the survey design and data collection.
• Phase 2 (2010): 22 acute care hospitals in 10 EIP states participated in a limited roll-out survey to further improve survey design.
• Phase 3 (2011): 183 acute care hospitals in 10 EIP states participated in the first full-scale survey.
• Phase 4 (2015): Data collection expanded to include quality of antimicrobial medication prescribing. 199 acute care hospitals in 10 EIP states participated in the survey.

Publications

• Magill SS, O'Leary E, Ray SM, et al. Assessment of the Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Use in US Hospitals. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e212007. Published 2021 Mar 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.2007
• Magill SS, O'Leary E, Ray SM, et al. Antimicrobial Use in US Hospitals: Comparison of Results From Emerging Infections Program Prevalence Surveys, 2015 and 2011. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(10):1784-1792. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa373
• Magill SS, O'Leary E, Janelle SJ, et al. Changes in Prevalence of Health Care-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(18):1732-1744. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1801550

Nursing home survey

Overview

The Nursing Home Survey gathers data on all HAIs in residents of nursing homes. For this survey, infections are defined using the revised McGeer criteria for infections in Long-Term Care Facilities.

Methods

1. EIP staff selected nursing homes to invite to participate in the survey. Participation was voluntary.
2. Each nursing home selected a single survey day between April and September 2017.
3. Trained EIP staff members, and in some cases nursing home staff members, reviewed medical records to collect residents' demographic and basic clinical data.
4. Trained EIP staff members collected detailed information on resident HAIs and antimicrobial medications.

Timeline

• Phase 1 (2013–2014): Nine nursing homes in 4 EIP states (Connecticut, Minnesota, New Mexico, and New York) participate in a pilot survey to test survey design and data collection procedures.
• Phase 2 (2017): Data collection expanded to include 161 nursing homes in 10 EIP states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Tennessee) for the first full-scale survey.

Publications

• Thompson ND, Stone ND, Brown CJ, et al. Antimicrobial Use in a Cohort of US Nursing Homes, 2017. JAMA. 2021;325(13):1286-1295. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2900
• Thompson ND, Penna A, Eure TR, et al. Epidemiology of Antibiotic Use for Urinary Tract Infection in Nursing Home Residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(1):91-96. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.11.009